宁聪 黄竹杭 侯学华 柴王军

摘    要：运用文献研究法和访谈法，梳理日本足球项目发展的历史脉络，从多视角分析日本足球项目发展路径，以期为中国足球项目发展提出可借鉴之处。1）日本足球项目发展经历了“军国主义足球”“精英足球”“职业足球”“国民足球”“基层足球”5个阶段。2）日本足球项目发展路径包括：制定推进日本足球职业化改革的《“三位一体”计划》;建立职业足球和校园足球并列互补的足球后备人才培养体系;日本足协建立青少年足球运动员选拔与训练体系;发展社区足球俱乐部培养足球后备人才;建立足球教练员的育成体系;将日本的民族传统文化融入体育文化教育中;体育诚信监管与体育诚信教育促进日本足球和谐发展。启示：基于中国国情，借鉴日本足球项目管理经验;构建中国职业足球俱乐部、校園足球和社区足球俱乐部协同发展的足球后备人才培养路径;以多种措施完善中国足球教练员培养与管理体系;加强中国足球文化建设;将竞技体育诚信教育纳入中国足球后备人才培养体系;深入推进各个年龄段青少年均可参加的足球项目发展。

关键词：中国足球;日本足球;职业足球;社区足球;校园足球;足球文化;足球教练员;足球运动员

中图分类号：G 843          学科代码：040303           文献标识码：A

Abstract：By using the methods of literature research and interview， this paper analyzes the historical context of the development of Japanese football， and the development path of Japanese football events from multiple perspectives， so as to provide references for the development of Chinese football. 1） Japanese football has experienced five development stages： “militarism football”“elite football， professional football”“national football” and “grass-roots football”. 2） The development path of Japans football events includes： formulating the“Trinity” plan to promote the professional reform of Japanese football; establishing the football reserve personnel training system of professional football and campus football; establishing the selection and training system of young football players by Japanese Football Association; developing community football clubs to cultivate football reserve talents; and establishing the training system of football coaches. In addition， it is necessary to integrate Japans national traditional culture into sports culture education， and promote the harmonious development of Japanese football through sports credit supervision and education. Enlightenments： on the basis of Chinas national conditions， we should learn from Japans football event management experience; build a football reserve talent training path for the coordinated development of Chinas professional football clubs， campus football and community football clubs; improve the training and management system of Chinese football coaches with various measures; strengthen the construction of Chinese football culture; bring competitive sports integrity education into Chinas football reserve; and further promote the development of football events that teenagers of all ages can participate in.

Keywords：Chinese football， Japanese football; professional football; community football; campus football; football culture; football coaches; football players

1.5  平成时期（1990年至今）：建立支撑日本职业足球和竞技足球的“基层足球”

到20世纪90年代初，日本国家足球队竞技成绩已持续多年低迷，建立于1965年的日本甲级足球联赛受日本经济严重衰退的影响而发展停滞。……