高压开关用灭弧喷口材料改进及制造工艺研究
2020-08-04王春艳魏建巍
王春艳 魏建巍


摘 要:灭弧喷口作为高压开关设备灭弧装置中控制电弧、创造高速气吹条件的核心绝缘部件,在开断过程中起着极为重要的作用。随着高压开关开断电弧能量的增大,灭弧喷口电气、机械等的性能要求越来越高。本文从灭弧喷口材料机理入手,研究了关键制造环节的工艺参数,以期形成完整的制造工艺,促进灭弧喷口实现批量化产业应用。
关键词:灭弧喷口;PTEE;填充改性
中图分类号:TM215文献标识码:A文章编号:1003-5168(2020)17-0061-03
Research on Material Improvement and Manufacturing Process of Arc Extinguishing Nozzle for High Voltage Switch
WANG Chunyan WEI Jianwei
(Pinggao Group Co., Ltd.,Pingdingshan Henan 467001)
Abstract: As the core insulating component in the arc extinguishing device of high-voltage switchgear that controls the arc and creates high-speed gas blowing conditions, the arc extinguishing nozzle plays an extremely important role in the interruption process. As the energy of the high-voltage switch breaking arc increases, the performance requirements of the arc extinguishing nozzle electrical and mechanical are getting higher and higher. In this paper, starting from the mechanism of arc extinguishing nozzle materials, the process parameters of key manufacturing links were studied in order to form a complete manufacturing process and promote the realization of mass industrial applications of arc extinguishing nozzles.
Keywords: arc extinguishing nozzle;PTEE;filling modification
灭弧喷口是高压开关的核心绝缘部件,对高压开关设备能否实现灭弧功能、保持开断能力起着决定作用。当高压开关开断短路电流时,电弧在灭弧喷口处发生燃弧,引起喷口的表面烧蚀和内部分解,因而灭弧喷口材料的性能直接影响着高压断路器的开断能力和使用寿命。灭弧喷口最初由两种非金属材料制造,即石墨和聚四氟乙烯(PTFE,悬浮型)。定开距灭弧室通常采用石墨喷口,变开距灭弧室多采用PTFE粉烧结而成的拉法尔喷口,其中,PTFE灭弧喷口是目前市场上的主要产品,通过将不同的填料加入PTFE中,可以显著提高基体的耐磨性、机械强度和硬度等。
1 灭弧喷口的材料性能
PTFE的分子链中,氟原子与碳原子结合,整体的对称性比较好,此外,大分子链是线性结构,支链极少,所以较易形成规整的排列[1],特别容易结晶,结晶度一般介于55%~75%,但是偶尔可超过90%,PTEE的结构如图1所示。
[F][F][F][F][C][C][n]
图1 PTFE结构
在PTFE中,原来的氢原子被氟原子取代,氟原子半径为0.064 nm,与氢原子半径0.028 nm相比,半径更大,因而碳-碳链扭转成螺旋构象。……
