李嘉琦 刘俊一

摘 要：运用文献资料法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法梳理我国冰球后备人才培养模式现状及其归因，并提出完善建议。研究认为，保障我国冰雪运动后备人才储备供给侧，创建多渠道人才引进资源，加强冰雪运动后备人才储备力量是首要。充分调动社会资源，积极鼓励群众参与冰雪运动;建立教练员、裁判员、技术人员等专业人才培养体系，拓宽退役运动员就业出路;构建我国系统化、科学化、特色化冰球后备人才管理措施和训练体制;发挥举国体制与市场机制相结合并充分调动社会力量，走出具有中国特色的体育发展体制是解决我国冰球项目后备人才培养现状的切实举措。

关键词：冰球;后备人才培养;冰雪运动;奥运备战

中图分类号：G80-05

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1008-2808（2020）03-0046-06

Abstract：The literature method， mathematical statistics， and logical analysis method was applied to shed light on the current problems and attribution of the hockey reserved talents mode in China， and puts forward suggestions for improvement. According to the research， it is crucial to ensure the supply-side of reserved talents for winter sports in China， to create multi-channel brain gain resources， and to strengthen reserved talents supply for winter sports. To fully mobilize social resources and actively encourage the public to participate in winter sports， to establish a development system for coaches， referees， technicians and other professionals， and expand employment opportunities for retired athletes， to construct a systematic， scientific and characteristic hockey reserved talents management system and players development model， to take advantage of “nationwide system” integrating with market mechanism， and fully mobilize the social forces are the practical measures to fix up the deficiency of the current situation of the hockey reserved talents in China.

Key words：Hockey; Reserved talents; Winter sports; Preparation for Olympic Games

全力備战奥运会是从个人层面乃至国家层面永恒的主题。距离北京2022冬奥会开幕还剩不到3年的时间，为确保2022北京冬奥会能够取得圆满佳绩，我国后备人才培养应从黄金阶段逐渐过渡到冲刺阶段。根据运动训练学理论，若把备战冬奥看作是一个大周期，眼下我国后备人才培养应该进入到了专项提高的最后阶段。但是，我国优势冬奥会项目在采取科学选材与有效措施推进冬奥会项目后备人才队伍建设、根据先进科学训练理念提高冰雪后备人才竞技水平、按照人体发展规律规划竞赛周期表现、培养出一批具有世界级水平并可持续发展的运动队伍的同时，我国潜优势冬奥会项目却存在后备人才匮乏、冰雪氛围不佳、培养结构不优等诸多问题。……