山东省畜禽粪便农用的重金属污染风险评价
2020-07-04范丽霞王磊杨发斌张丙春陈璐梁京芸苑学霞董燕婕赵善仓
范丽霞 王磊 杨发斌 张丙春 陈璐 梁京芸 苑学霞 董燕婕 赵善仓



摘要:为了解山东省畜禽粪便的重金属污染情况及其农用存在的生态风险,采集山东省内牛、猪、鸡的粪便样品作为研究对象,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)和汞分析仪对样品中8种重金属含量进行分析,并用内梅罗综合污染指数评价其农用潜在的生态风险。结果表明,牛粪达到重金属中度污染水平,猪粪和鸡粪达到重污染水平;牛粪农用存在轻微生态危害,鸡粪和猪粪农用存在中等生态危害。
关键词:畜禽粪便;重金属污染;风险评价;山东省
中图分类号:S141:X712(252)文献标识号:A文章编号:1001-4942(2020)04-0150-05
Abstract The heavy metal pollution status of livestock and poultry manures and their ecological risk for agricultural use were studied with the cow, pig and chicken manure samples from Shandong Province as experimental materials. The content of eight heavy metals were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) and mercury analyzer, and the potential ecological risk of the manures for agricultural use was evaluated by the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index. The results showed that the heavy metals in cattle manure reached the moderate pollution level, while that in pig and chicken manures reached heavy pollution level. The cow manure for agricultural use had slight ecological risk, and the chicken and pig manures used in agriculture had moderate ecological risk.
Keywords Livestock and poultry manure; Heavy metal pollution; Risk assessment; Shandong Province
现代集约化和大规模养殖业中,为了满足动物对矿物质的需求,促进畜禽生长、提高产量,矿物添加剂被广泛添加于动物饲料中[1]。但由于饲料中矿物添加剂的纯度较低,在为畜禽提供生长发育必不可少的矿质元素(如铁、锰、铜、锌、铬、钴)的同时,一些非必需微量元素(如铅、镉、砷、汞等)也随之进入畜禽体内[2,3]。而且,饲料中的矿质元素只有少量被畜禽吸收,大多数则以粪便的形式排出[4],如猪对铜和锌的吸收率仅为10%~20%,未被利用的重金属累积在粪便中[5-7]。
畜禽粪便是含有大量有机质、有用微生物和植物所需养分(如无机营养素氮、磷、钾等)的重要资源[8],畜禽粪便回田可以增加土壤有机质含量,改善土壤理化性状,并可以减少化肥施用量,有利于促进农业可持续发展[9,10]。然而,粪肥的施用也会造成潜在的环境问题[11],如有毒重金属通过粪肥被引入农田,增加了经农作物吸收等途径最终进入人体的可能性,威胁人类健康。……
