李首涵　 刘涛

摘要：通过对日本社会经济变迁下的乡村振兴措施与实践的梳理与研究，本文得出日本乡村振兴最终走向了乡村城市化和城乡一体化的道路，乡村振兴的过程是乡村人口和村町数量持续减少的过程的结论。借鉴之处是，日本乡村振兴过程中适时、有针对性的立法，为乡村振兴各项措施的稳定实施提供了法律保障;全国性的农协成为乡村振兴成功推进的强大组织保障;乡村振兴由政府主导转向市场主导充分激发了乡村发展内生动力和活力;城乡统一的户籍制度和要素市场促进了城乡一体化发展。借鉴日本乡村振兴成功经验的同时，也应该高度重视日本乡村振兴过程中所产生和遗留的问题。

关键词：日本; 乡村振兴; 经济发展阶段;农业和乡村政策; 城乡一体化

中图分类号：F310文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2020）05-0157-09

Rural Revitalization Practices in Japan： Lessons and Implications

Li Shouhan， Liu Tao

Abstract Through the combing and research of the measures and practices of rural revitalization in Japan， it was concluded that the outcome of rural revitalization in Japan was the road of rural urbanization and the integration of urban and rural areas， and the process of rural revitalization was the process of continuous reduction of rural population and number of villages. For references， it provides legal guarantee for rural revitalization in Japan that the legislation on rural revitalization has been formulated and implemented in a timely manner. Farmers Association is an organization to ensure the interests of farmers. It provides a strong organizational guarantee for rural revitalization. The shift of rural revitalization from government-led to market-led can more fully stimulate the intrinsic motive force and vitality of rural development. Unified household registration system and factor market promote urban and rural integration development. Compared with Japan， when China proposes and implements the strategy of rural revitalization， the economic development situation at home and abroad is quite different. The problems arising from and left over from rural revitalization practices in Japan are worthy of great attention.

Keywords Japan; Rural revitalization; Economic growth stages; Agricultural and rural policy; Urban-rural integration

中日兩国经济社会发展存在很多相似之处，在发展的历史长河中，传统经济都曾建立在农耕文明基础之上，都曾出现过工业化、城市化优先发展和城乡发展不平衡、农村发展落后甚至衰败问题，都具有人多地少、劳动力资源相对丰富的特征，农业仍然以小农经营为主等。当前，尽管中国经济总量已经超过了日本，但从经济发展阶段、城乡发展现代化水平等方面来看，日本仍然走在中国前面。因此，考察日本乡村振兴的发展历程、研判其得失，能够为中国乡村振兴战略更好的实施及乡村顺利振兴提供镜鉴。……