韦冬萍 韦剑锋 梁振华 韦巧云 胡桂娟

摘  要：本研究从高效生产角度出发，采用田间试验，分析机械化生产下4个甘蔗品种新植和宿根的干物质积累、养分积累及养分利用效率。结果表明，‘桂糖42号茎干物质积累量和干物质积累总量最高，比其他品种分别增加819.66～4273.69 kg/hm²和1232.14～5863.38 kg/hm²，而‘桂柳05136和‘桂糖29号的较低;不同品种N、P₂O₅及K₂O积累总量分别为133.79～196.82、35.99～47.29、233.31～311.57 kg/hm²，其中‘桂糖42号均显著高于‘桂柳05136;不同品种每生产1 t蔗茎需要N、P₂O₅、K₂O分別为1.57～2.03、0.43～0.48、2.72～3.21 kg，其中‘桂柳05136的均较低;N、P₂O₅、K₂O的经济效率和生理效率以‘桂柳05136最高。不同品种宿根干物质积累量、养分积累量及养分经济效率和生理效率明显高于新植。因此，‘桂糖42号的生物产量性状较好，‘桂柳05136的养分效率较高。

关键词：甘蔗;干物质;氮;磷;钾

中图分类号：S566.1      文献标识码：A

Variation among Sugarcane Varieties in Nutrient Uptake and Utilization under Mechanized Production

WEI Dongping¹， WEI Jianfeng^1*， LIANG Zhenhua²， WEI Qiaoyun²， HU Guijuan¹

1. Lushan College of Guangxi University of Science and Technology， Liuzhou， Guangxi 545616， China; 2. Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute， Longzhou， Guangxi 532415， China

Abstract： From the viewpoint of efficient production， a field experiment was conducted to investigate the dry matter accumulation， nutrient accumulation and utilization of four sugarcane varieties， including plant cane and first ratoon under mechanization. The stalk dry matter accumulation and total dry matter accumulation of ‘Guitang 42 were the highest， which was more than that of the other varieties for 819.66–4273.69 kg/hm²and 1232.14–5863.38 kg/hm²， respectively， but and that for ‘Guiliu 05136 and ‘Guitang 29 were lower. The total accumulation of N， P₂O₅and K₂O from different varieties was 133.79–196.82， 35.99–47.29 and 233.31–311.57 kg/hm²， respectively， and that of ‘Guitang 42 was higher than ‘Guiliu 05136. N， P₂O₅and K₂O requirement per 1 t sugarcane stalk of different varieties were 1.57–2.03， 0.43–0.48 and 2.72–3.21 kg， respectively， and that of ‘Guiliu 05136 was lower. The economic efficiency and physiological efficiency of N， P₂O₅and K₂O were the highest with ‘Guiliu 05136. The dry matter accumulation， nutrient accumulation and nutrient efficiency of ratoon cane were higher than that of planting cane. In conclusion， the biological production of ‘Guitang 42 is better， and the nutrient efficiency of ‘Guiliu 05136 is high.

Keywords： sugarcane; dry matter; nitrogen; phosphorus; potassium

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.05.001

甘蔗是我国重要的糖料作物和经济作物，是广西第一大战略经济作物，广西甘蔗的年种植面积和产糖量占全国60%以上^[1]。近年来，国家把推进田间生产全程机械化列为破解广西省甚至全国甘蔗产业发展困局的有效途径^[2]。目前，国内就甘蔗生产农机与农艺融合方面开展了较多研究，优选了一些适宜的甘蔗品种、种植行距及农机作业技术等^[2-3]，但在机械化生产下，关于甘蔗养分吸收与利用的研究鲜见报道。养分对甘蔗产量和品质的影响较大，甘蔗养分的高效利用是相关领域研究的主要热点之一^[4-5]。前人对传统栽培模式下甘蔗中的氮、磷、钾的吸收、转运、分布、利用等进行了研究，初步掌握了不同品种和不同施肥条件下甘蔗氮、磷、钾的吸收量、蔗茎养分利用率及肥料利用效率等^[4-10]，并发现不同基因型的甘蔗中氮、磷、钾的积累与利用存在明显差异^[4-7]。……