安徽合肥青少年田径训练损伤的现状及预防研究
2020-05-21袁刚
袁刚
摘 要:运动员在体育生涯中运动损伤的发生是经常可见的,究其原因,竞技运动需要运动员不断地突破自己身体的极限来获取更高的竞技成绩。田径运动被称为“运动之母”,它是世界上最受欢迎的运动之一,也是历史最悠久的运动。田径、游泳和射击被认为是三大金牌项目,也是奥运金牌最多的项目。本文通过对安徽合肥青少年田径训练损伤特点的研究,找到导致运动损伤的因素,并提出相关的预防措施。
关键词:安徽合肥 田径训练 运动损伤
中图分类号:G825 文献标识码:A 文章编号:2095-2813(2020)04(a)-0043-02
Abstract: The occurrence of sports injuries is often seen in athletes' sports career. The reason is that competitive sports require athletes to break through the limits of their bodies to obtain higher competitive results. Track and field is called "the mother of sports". It is one of the most popular sports in the world and has the longest history. Track and field, swimming and shooting are considered to be the three major gold medal events and also the events with the largest number of Olympic gold medals. Based on the research on the characteristics of track and field training injuries of Hefei teenagers in Anhui province, this paper finds out the factors leading to sports injuries and puts forward relevant preventive measures.
Key Words: Hefei, Anhui Province; Track and field training; Sports injury
1 安徽合肥青少年田径训练损伤的类型
1.1 肌肉、韧带拉伤
无论是田径比赛还是田径比赛,肌肉拉伤或韧带的百分比最高,由于在肌肉本身边界上活动的收缩或过度提取会造成拉紧,韧带压力是由外部间接力引起的,也就是说,在外部作用下,关节在生理范围内移动,这意味着某些韧带或所有韧带的纤维断裂。受伤时,有时可以听到或感到破裂的声音,症状包括内部出血,局部发红和肿痛,肿胀明显。应及时加压和冰块冷敷,受伤的肌肉应保持放轻松,48h内不可按摩。
1.2 骨膜炎
在高强度训练负荷下,骨骼和肌肉无法承受强烈的冲击,从而导致疲劳性骨膜炎和压力伤害。骨膜炎主要归因于不适当的训练方法,身体负荷的匹配和身体耐受性,不合理的接地和地质完整性。骨膜和骨骼的正常结构被破坏,组织松弛或分离,骨膜充血、浮肿,或小腿骨上的体力与地面支撑力之间的相互作用,导致应力损伤引起的骨膜炎。……
