晴隆县干旱特征分析
2020-05-19李顺会李婧申俊初
李顺会 李婧 申俊初



摘 要:本文利用晴隆县气象局提供的1981—2010年各时段降水量及蒸发数据,使用统计学方法并结合干旱等级划分标准,对晴隆县干旱特征进行分析,得出晴隆县属干旱易发区。冬季有23年出现干旱天气,冬旱频率最高,年均为1.4次。当地经常出现连续干旱,重旱以上的旱情多发生在秋冬季和冬春季,其中,秋冬季严重干旱的发生率为78%,冬春季严重干旱的发生率为60%。干旱水平和降水量呈负相关,和蒸发量呈正相关。
关键词:晴隆县;干旱;特征分析
中图分类号:P333文献标识码:A文章编号:1003-5168(2020)08-0147-03
Analysis of Drought Characteristics in Qinglong County
LI Shunhui1 LI jing2 SHEN Junchu1
(1. Meteorological Bureau of Qinglong County, Guizhou Province,Qinglong Guizhou 561400;2. Meteorological Bureau of Qianxinan Prefecture, Guizhou Province,Xingyi Guizhou 562400)
Abstract: This paper used the precipitation and evaporation data provided by Qinglong County Meteorological Bureau for various periods from 1981 to 2010, analyzed the drought characteristics of Qinglong County by using statistical methods and the classification criteria of drought levels, and concluded that Qinglong County was a drought prone area. There were 23 years of dry weather in winter, with the highest frequency of winter drought, 1.4 times per year. Continuous droughts often occur in the local area, and droughts above the severe level occur in autumn, winter and spring. Among them, the incidence of severe drought in autumn and winter is 78%, and the incidence of severe drought in winter and spring is 60%. Drought levels are negatively correlated with precipitation and positively correlated with evaporation.
Keywords: Qinglong County;drought;characteristics analysis
晴隆縣位于贵州省西部,地处云贵高原中部。晴隆县为贵州省暴雨多发区,年均降水量约为1 300 mm,降水在时间和空间上分布不均匀。从降水时间来看,首次降雨期结束后,下个降雨期需要等待数月,其间会发生干旱。降水多集中于5—10月,约占全年降水量的80%。在空间上,南部降水高于北部,东部降水高于西部。晴隆县属于喀斯特地貌区,水很容易渗透,地表水体很弱,可能引起地表干旱。
干旱影响人类社会的生产行为,对农业生产影响很大。干旱会减少农作物产量,直接影响社会经济发展。近年来,全球气候不断变化,特殊天气频发,全球频繁出现旱涝灾害。干旱灾害危害极大,随着干旱发生率的增加,各地都要积极应对挑战,加大干旱研究力度。本文根据贵州省晴隆县气象局提供的1981—2010年各时段降水量及蒸发数据,分析当地干旱的成因、变化规律,以期为当地旱季农作物种植提供理论指导。……
