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综合护理在尿毒症患者血透并发症发生中的影响干预

2020-05-06王景红徐兰

中国现代医生 2020年6期
关键词:综合护理尿毒症并发症

王景红 徐兰

[摘要] 目的 探讨综合护理在尿毒症患者血透并发症发生中的影响干预效果。 方法 选择2017年12月~2019年1月本院收治的尿毒症实施长期血液透析治疗者80例,按照随机数字表法分为两组,各40例。对照组行常规护理,观察组则实施综合护理干预,对所有患者治疗后3 d情况进行复查,比较干预后两组尿素氮和肌酐水平变化情况,血钙及血磷水平变化,统计两组干预过程中出现的并发症情况。 结果 干预后观察组尿素氮水平为(6.1±0.7) mmol/L,低于对照组的(16.1±2.8) mmol/L(P<0.05),肌酐水平为(80.9±6.9)μmol/L,低于对照组的(216.5±16.6)μmol/L(P<0.05),干预过程中,观察组并发症发生率为5.0%,显著低于对照组的27.5%(P<0.05)。 结论 针对长期血液透析患者,实施有效的综合护理干预,对促进肾功能恢复,减少并发症发生有重要价值。

[关键词] 综合护理;尿毒症;长期血透;并发症

[中图分类号] R473.5          [文献标识码] B          [文章编号] 1673-9701(2020)06-0176-03

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the intervention effect of comprehensive nursing on the effects of hemodialysis-related complications in the patients with uremia. Methods 80 patients with uremia receiving long-term hemodialysis who were admitted to our hospital from December 2017 to January 2019 were selected.According to the random number table method, they were divided into two groups, with 40 cases in each group. The control group was given routine nursing care, and the observation group was given comprehensive nursing intervention. All patients were given re-examination 3 days after treatment.The changes of urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, blood calcium and blood phosphorus levels were compared between the two groups after intervention. The complications that occurred during the intervention in both groups were statistically analyzed. Results After intervention, the level of urea nitrogen in the observation group was (6.1±0.7) mmol/L, which was lower than that in control group [(16.1±2.8) mmol/L] before intervention (P<0.05). The creatinine level was (80.9±6.9) μmol/L, which was lower than that in control group [(216.5±16.6) μmol/L] before intervention(P<0.05). During the intervention, the incidence rate of complications in the observation group was  5.0%, which was significantly lower than that of 27.5% in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion For long-term patients with uremia receiving hemodialysis, the implementation of effective comprehensive nursing intervention is of great value in promoting renal function recovery and reducing complications.

[Key words] Comprehensive intervention; Uremia; Long-term hemodialysis; Complications

據统计当前世界范围内依靠长期血液透析以维系生命的尿毒症患者超过80%[1],尤其对于晚期肾功能衰竭者,长期血液透析治疗是延长患者生命的最有效方法[2-3]。随着医疗理念及医疗技术更新,临床针对长期血液透析患者的关注度日益提高,其不仅局限于延长患者生命周期,而且对治疗过程中患者生存时间及生活质量引起显著重视[4]。

对于尿毒症患者行血液透析对延长患者生存时间有重要意义,但部分患者在治疗过程中易出现各种并发症,而且降低长期血液透析患者的生活质量,对其治疗依从性亦有一定负面影响[5]。同时患者的治疗依从性与否直接影响到长期血液透析治疗的效果[6-7]。故在对尿毒症患者实施长期血液透析治疗同时,应充分告知患者提高治疗依从性的方法,并提高自我管理能力,加强健康宣教,减少并发症。本研究则主要探讨综合护理对尿毒症患者血透并发症发生率的影响,现报道如下。

综合护理能为患者尽量争取更专业、精细且系统化的护理服务,告知实施长期血液透析治疗的注意事项、进行全程的精心心理护理,尤其针对可能发生的并发症实施早期的防范,加强对患者病情变化的重视[15,16]等有关。

综上所述,针对长期血液透析患者,实施有效的综合护理干预,对促进肾功能恢复,减少并发症发生有重要价值。

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(收稿日期:2019-09-20)

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