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基于用金织物的《马可·波罗行纪》可信度分析

2020-04-22胡煜升刘瑜

丝绸 2020年3期

胡煜升 刘瑜

摘要: 文章基于《马可·波罗行纪》中所记元代用金织物的相关信息,力图从服饰的角度去探讨行纪文本的可信度问题。通过对马可·波罗笔下元代服饰用金现象的整理归纳,解读饰金服饰的使用人群、穿着场合及功能,同时通过分析其时代背景下的用金织物贸易情况及种类,并将其与元代史料及出土实物进行对照分析,最后得出《马可·波罗行纪》中有关用金织物信息的记载与史实的吻合度极高,证明了其具有较高的可信度,同时也印证了元代服饰的尚金文化。

关键词: 马可·波罗;元代服饰;用金织物;尚金;丝绸之路

Abstract: Based on the information of the cloth of gold in Yuan dynasty recorded in The Travels of Marco Polo,this paper tried to discuss the credibility from the perspective of clothing. Through collating gold useing phenomena in the costumes of the Yuan dynasty in the book,the users,wearing occasions and functions of clothing with gold ornaments were interpreted. Besides,the trade and types of cloth of gold under the times background were investigated,and the cloth of gold was compared with the historical records of Yuan dynasty and unearthed relics. Through the study,it can be found that the records about the cloth of gold highly coincides with historical facts,proving it has high credibility and verifying gold culture in the costumes in the Yuan dynasty.

Key words: Marco Polo; costumes Yuan dynasty; cloth of gold; gold culture; Silk Road

元代是中国历史上第一个由少数民族建立起来的大一统帝国,在忽必烈的统治下,中西方之间双向的文化交流达到了一个新的高度。在这一时期,马可·波罗随同其父亲、叔父访华并在回国后以《马可·波罗行纪》一书记述了元代的历史风貌,为研究元代社会风俗及人文艺术等方面提供了重要的信息值得关注,但长久以来针对马可·波罗来华的真实性问题却引起了广泛的讨论,直到中国学者杨志玖通过对比《永乐大典》与《马可·波罗行纪》中的史料记载,经过一番论证后,才使得马可·波罗到过中国这一说法在学界中基本成为定论[1]。当前学界对于马可·波罗来华的真实性分析大多从其行纪中有关元代的城市规划、地理信息及社会习俗等方面去进行佐证,本文则立足于其中有关元代用金织物的相关记载进行探讨,以期从服饰的角度去分析行纪的可信度,为马可·波罗的到来提供一些印证。……

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