徐曼　程丽萍　王玮

摘 要：为研究春季典型的混合污染天气过程的发生机理和发展变化规律，利用单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪对大气细颗粒物进行了成分分析及来源解析，并综合利用地面空气污染监测数据、雷达数据、常规气象观测数据等，分析了2018年石家庄市春季典型霾加沙尘过境的混合污染天气过程的发生成因。结果表明，这次污染过程中机动车直接排放的细粒子是PM2.5的重要来源，最高达到35.5%，同时机动车尾气源数浓度的增加随PM2.5小时质量浓度的增加最为明显。北方三、四月份是沙尘多发期，应提前预估沙尘污染的影响，并做好本地防御;应在继续巩固保持秋冬季雾霾防治措施的基础上，重点做好预测工作;提前对机动车排污、工业排污以及无机源和燃煤等污染源进行管控，强化对春季霾和沙尘混合污染的预防。

关键词：大气污染防治工程;石家庄市; 春季;混合污染;SPAMS

中图分类号：X610

文献标识码：A

Abstract：In order to study the mechanism and development of the typical mixed pollution weather process in spring， the causes of the mixed pollution weather process

were analyzed by single particle Aerosol Mass spectrometer（SPAMS） in the spring of 2018 in Shijiazhuang City， where typical haze and sanddust pass through，using the composition and source analysis of fine particles in the atmosphere，combined with the ground air pollution monitoring data， radar data， and conventional meteorological observation data. The results show that fine particles directly discharged by vehicles are an important source of PM2.5， the maximum is 35.5%， and the increase of the concentration of motor vehicle exhaust gas is the most obvious with the increase of PM2.5 mass concentration. In northern China， March and April are the seasons of dust， so the impact of dust pollution should be estimated in advance， and local defense should be done. On the basis of smog prevention measures in autumn and winter， forecasting work will be valued，and pollution sources such as motor vehicle sewage， industrial sewage， inorganic sources and coal burning need to be controlled in advance to strengthen prevention of mixed pollution of spring haze and sand dust.

Keywords：air pollution prevention and control project; Shijiazhuang City; spring; mixed pollution; SPAMS

3月份是中國华北地区大气环流形势较为活跃的时期，冷暖空气势力相当，随着副热带高压的北抬，系统性东南暖湿气流将大量的水汽输送至华北地区，易出现静稳、高湿的不利气象条件，但由于春季气温的回升，地面干燥，在中国北方地区的三、四月份还是沙尘天气的多发期。目前，学者们对华北地区的气候特征及其与沙尘天气关系方面的研究较多。王金艳等[1]、杨续超等[2]、阎访等[3]从华北地区春季沙尘暴与气候因子的关系、对流层各层风场的关系、春季大风变化特征等角度进行了深入分析，探究了污染的形成和发展机理，取得了针对性较强的研究结果。……