谷岚　赵学斌　李晓梦　张颖　姚军

摘 要：防锈油在使用过程中易出现易燃、易爆、不易清洗、污染环境等问题，为了减少防锈油的使用，通过对多种防锈材料进行研究、复配，开发了一种新型环保型水基防锈剂。以硼酸二乙醇胺酯为主要防锈成分，添加丙三醇、三乙醇胺、苯甲酸钠为防锈助剂，YGNa为高分子成膜剂。通过硼酸与二乙醇胺反应、甲醇带水，合成了不同于市面一般硼酸二乙醇胺酯液体形态的白色固体硼酸二乙醇胺酯。经过一系列单片、叠片试验以及湿热试验，确定了环保型水基防锈剂的最佳配比为硼酸二乙醇胺酯5%、丙三醇5%、三乙醇胺5%、苯甲酸钠2.5%、YGNa 0.6%，水余量。结果表明，在最佳配比条件下，试片在湿热箱内防锈时间达到18 d以上，远超市售水基防锈剂的平均水平。所研制的环保型水基防锈剂防锈效果好，生产成本较低，能够大量替代防锈油的使用。

关键词：高分子化学;水基防锈剂;环境保护;硼酸二乙醇胺酯;YGNa;高分子成膜剂

中图分类号：O621.3 文献标识码：A

Abstract：Antirust oil is inflammable， explosive， difficult to clean and polluting the environment. In order to reduce the widespread use of antirust oil， a new type of environmentfriendly waterbased antirust agent was developed. Diethanolamine borate was taken as the main component; glycerin， triethanolamine， and sodium benzoate were added as antirust additives; and YGNa was used as the polymer filmforming agent. The white solid diethanolamine borate was synthesized from the reaction of boric acid with diethanolamine and methanol with water， which was different from the common liquid form in the market. The optimum formulation of the waterbased rust inhibitor was determined by a series of monolithic， laminated tests and wetheat test as follows： diethanolamine borate 5%， glycerol 5%， triethanolamine 5%， sodium benzoate 2.5%， YGNa 0.6% and the rest is water. The results show that under the best proportion of conditions， it can prevent test piece from rust for more than 18 days in damp heat box， which is far more than the average level of waterbased antirust agent sold in the market. The developed environmentfriendly waterbased antirust agent has good antirust effect and low production cost， and can largely replace the use of antirust oil.

Keywords：polymer chemistry; waterbased rust inhibitor; environmental protection; diethanolamine borate; YGNa; polymer filmforming agent

金屬是人类生活中的必需品，但是金属材料在大气中会因与氧气、水和其他杂质在一定条件下发生电化学反应而失去电子变为金属阳离子，即金属锈蚀。据不完全统计，全球每年由于金属腐蚀而遭受的损失高达数十亿美元[1]，可见对于金属防锈工作必须予以重视。目前，市面上流通的防锈产品大部分是防锈油，其原理是通过隔绝空气达到防锈目的，但是防锈油在使用过程中存在易燃、易爆、不易清洗、污染环境等致命缺点，因此用环保型水基防锈剂[24]来代替防锈油用于金属防护具有重要意义。……