勒·德·纳扎列恩科 阿·斯·科瓦列恩科

摘    要：目的：通過实验证明对具备较高运动技能的少年足球运动员进行不同训练负荷和比赛负荷心理适应训练的有效性。方法：采用实验法，将36位15～17岁具有较强运动技能的足球运动员分为对照组和实验组，每组各18人。对照组的训练按普遍使用的心理训练方法进行。实验组则使用笔者研制的在不同训练负荷和比赛负荷下的心理适应训练方法。结论：对不断变化的训练负荷和比赛负荷的心理适应是提高15～17岁有较高运动技能的足球运动员的运动素养的重要因素，将确保改善足球运动员对外部不良因素刺激的应激反应稳定性，集中注意力完成足球运动技术动作，并在与对手对抗时，保持与同伴的运动协同性，等等。评估足球运动员心理适应水平的标准是：足球运动员比赛活动模拟的一致程度，完成训练任务的效果，评价自身临赛状态的准确性，在低紧张程度情况下完成动作的积极性指标。制定的具有较高运动技能的少年足球运动员的心理适应训练方法是有效的。

关键词：足球;足球运动员;训练负荷;比赛负荷;心理适应;教学实验

中图分类号：G 804.8            学科代码：040302            文献标识码：A

Abstract：Objective： To prove the validity of psychological adaptation method of training load and competition load for young football players with strong sports skills through experiments. Methods： 36 football players of 15-17 years old with strong skill level were divided into control group and experimental group with 18 in each group. The control group was trained according to the commonly used psychological training method. The experimental group used the psychological adaptation method developed by the author under different training load and competition load. Conclusion： the psychological adaptation to the changing training load and competition load is an important factor to improve the sports quality of the football players with higher skills aged 15～17. It will ensure the stability of the stress response of the football players to the adverse factors of the external environment， and focus on the completion of the football movement skills， the sports coordination with the partners when they are against the opponents， etc. The criteria to evaluate the psychological adaptation level of football players are： the consistency of the simulation of the game activities of football players， the effect of completing the training tasks， the accuracy of the evaluation of their own temporary game state， and the enthusiasm index of completing the sports actions under low-level tension. The psychological adaptation method developed by the author for young football players with high skill level is effective.

Keywords：football; football players; training load; competition load; psychological adaptation; teaching experiment

在建立了能体现运动员理想的体力水平、技战术水平及心理素质的竞赛训练模式的情况下，运动员对即将面临的竞赛的心理适应训练完成得将更为顺利。在这种情况下，收集有关竞争对手的训练指标，以及与已建立的模型数据进行比较的信息意义重大。……