复合香辛料亚硝化抑制剂对西式培根品质的影响
2020-04-07陈文静姜皓杨华马俪珍任小青
陈文静 姜皓 杨华 马俪珍 任小青



摘 要:研究对N-亚硝胺具有阻断作用的复合香辛料亚硝化抑制剂(composite spice nitrosation inhibitor,CSNI)
在西式培根中的应用效果。设计4 组实验:1)阴性对照(negative control,NC)组:以原料肉质量计,配制由0.06%亚硝酸钠、9%食盐、1.5%复合磷酸盐、5%白糖等组成的腌制液,注射量为20%;2)阳性对照(positive control,PC)组:在NC组基础上添加0.055%异抗坏血酸钠;3)CSNI组:在NC组中添加CSNI;4)PC+CSNI组:在PC组中添加CSNI。制成西式培根,分别对西式培根成品和烧烤(200 ℃,5 min)西式培根进行感官评定、pH值、红度值(a*)、硫代巴比妥酸反应物(thiobarbituric acid reactive substances,TBARs)值、亚硝酸盐残留量、生物胺含量及N-亚硝胺含量测定。结果表明:相比NC、PC组,PC+CSNI组西式培根成品的感官评分最高,TBARs值(0.24 mg/kg)、亚硝酸盐残留量(20.48 mg/kg)和生物胺总量(184.68 mg/kg)均处于较低水平,CSNI对N-亚硝胺的形成(总量为9.29 μg/kg),特别是N-二甲基亚硝胺的形成有显著的阻断效果,且CSNI的添加对产品的pH值和a*均未造成显著影响;西式培根烧烤后,由于水分和脂肪溶出,致使烧烤西式培根的亚硝酸盐残留量、生物胺含量和N-亚硝胺含量总体呈升高趋势,但均未超过相关规定的限量值。
关键词:复合香辛料亚硝化抑制剂;西式培根;亚硝酸盐;生物胺;N-亚硝胺
Abstract: The effect of a composite spice nitrosation inhibitor (CSNI), which is found to be able to block the formation of N-nitrosamines, was studied in western bacon. This experiment was divided into 4 groups: negative control (NC), injected with a marinade solution of 0.06% sodium nitrite, 9% common salt, 1.5% phosphate mixture and 5% white sugar at 20% relative to the mass of raw meat; positive control (PC), NC + 0.055% sodium erythorbate; CSNI, NC + CSNI; and PC + CSNI groups. Each group was prepared into western bacon through saline injection, vacuum tumbling, drying, and smoking. Sensory evaluation and measurement of pH value and redness value (a*) were performed on the western bacon products and grilled bacon (200 ℃ for 5 min), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) value, nitrite residue, biogenic amine content and N-nitrosamine content were determined as well. The results showed that compared with the NC and PC groups, the PC + CSNI group had the highest sensory score, with low levels of TBARs value (0.24 mg/kg), nitrite residue (20.48 mg/kg), and biogenic amines (184.68 mg/kg). CSNI remarkably blocked the formation of N-nitrosamines (total amount of 9.29 μg/kg) especially N-nitrosodimethylamine, and it did not significantly affect the pH value or a* of the product. After the western bacon was grilled, due to the release of moisture and fat, the nitrite residue, biogenic amine content, and N-nitrosamine content showed an overall upward trend, but none of them exceeded the respective safety limits.
Keywords: composite spice nitrosation inhibitor; western bacon; nitrite; biogenic amine; N-nitrosamines
DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20191225-313
西式培根是由猪的腹部肉或肋条肉经过盐水注射、真空滚揉、干燥、烟熏等工艺制成的低温西式腌肉制品[1],其肥瘦均勻、风味独特,是日常饮食的重要组成部分,适用于多种烹饪方式,如煎、炸、烤、炒[2],深受广大消费者喜爱。亚硝酸盐由于具有发色、防止脂肪过度氧化、赋予腌肉制品特有风味、抑制肉毒梭状芽孢杆菌生长及其毒素产生的作用[3],是腌肉制品中广泛使用的腌制剂[4],但是摄入过多亚硝酸盐会对人体健康产生危害,甚至引起中毒,同时亚硝酸盐还会和肉制品中蛋白质的分解产物仲胺发生反应,生成强致癌物N-亚硝胺。……
