游录丹 王立鹏 张晓林 孙鹏雷 刘伟堂 王金信

摘要：婆婆纳为小麦田重要恶性杂草，且防除难度较大。利用温室盆栽法评价环吡氟草酮等6种除草剂对婆婆纳的室内生物活性以及体内解毒代谢酶P450s的影响，以期为科学防除婆婆纳提供理论依据。盆栽药效试验结果表明，唑草酮、环吡氟草酮、啶磺草胺、2甲4氯钠对婆婆纳具有较高药效，在最低田间推荐剂量处理下，鲜重抑制率均高于90%;室内毒力测定结果表明，6种除草剂对婆婆纳的毒力高低为啶磺草胺>唑草酮>环吡氟草酮>氯氟吡氧乙酸>双唑草酮>2甲4氯钠。马拉硫磷预处理后，6种除草剂的增效作用明显，增效比值为1.76～2.62。表明唑草酮、环吡氟草酮、啶磺草胺对婆婆纳具有较高的生物活性，且P450s抑制剂马拉硫磷可提高6种除草剂对婆婆纳的活性。

关键词：小麦田杂草;婆婆纳;除草剂;毒力;马拉硫磷

中图分类号：S451.221  文献标志码：A  文章编号：1003-935X（2020）02-0062-06

Abstract：Veronica didyma Tenore is an important and difficult to control noxious weed in wheat fields. The biological efficacy of six herbicides in the greenhouse，including cypyrafluone，and their detoxification and metabolism by P450 enzymes in V. didyma were evaluated to provide relevant information for the of this species in wheat fields. Carfentrazone-ethyl，cypyrafluone，pyroxsulam，and MCPA-sodium were highly effective on V. didyma. At the lower limit of the effective dose registered，their fresh weight inhibition rates exceeded 90%. Efficacy of six herbicides on V. didyma was pyroxsulam > carfentrazone-ethyl > cypyrafluone > fluroxypyr > bipyrazone > MCPA-sodium. Pretreatment with malathion，increased the activity of six herbicides with synergistic ratios of 1.76 to 2.62. This study showed that carfentrazone-ethyl，cypyrafluone and pyroxsulam had high bioactivity against V. didyma Tenore. The P450s inhibitor malathion increase the activity of six herbicides on this species.

Key words：wheat;Veronica didyma Tenore;herbicides;efficacy;malathion

婆婆纳（Veronica didyma Tenore）为麦田主要恶性阔叶杂草之一，对小麦产量、经济价值都有较大影响[1]。婆婆纳为一年至二年生草本杂草，生长力强，对水肥条件要求不高，繁殖速度快，具有良好的越冬能力。婆婆纳根系发达、分支众多，且耐寒冷、干旱、潮湿，土质适应能力强，田间发生密度大时，形成厚厚的毡层，与小麦竞争光、水、肥等，且该杂草生长周期较长，容易与小麦混生在一起，人工除草难以彻底防除，逐渐上升为小麦田恶性阔叶杂草之一[2-3]。除此之外，婆婆纳属于外来入侵物种，缺少自然条件的制约，发展速度较快，干扰农作物的生长，危害小麦、蔬菜、果树等主要作物[4]。