舒然　李磊　龙友华　顾桂飞　张竹竹　尹显慧

摘要：【目的】明确贵州猕猴桃根结线虫的种类，为猕猴桃根结线虫病的防治提供理论依据。【方法】从贵州省修文、息烽和大方县采集感染根结线虫的猕猴桃植株，利用改良的贝曼漏斗法分离根结线虫，采用显微镜和扫描电镜对猕猴桃根结线虫进行形态观察与测量，结合分子生物学方法对线虫进行鉴定。【结果】猕猴桃根系被根结线虫侵染后产生根结或瘤状物，形成大小不等的根瘤，直径为0.5～1.0 cm;直径1.5～2.0 mm的须根受害较重，被侵染的须根产生单个或串生结节状肿瘤，瘤状物呈椭圆或近球形。猕猴桃根结线虫雌虫的排泄孔至头端的距离是口针的1倍左右，口针微微向背部弯曲，唇盘呈哑铃状，侧唇与中唇和唇盘分开，分界明显;雄虫唇盘大而圆，比中唇高，中唇外围圆滑，与唇盘分界明显。猕猴桃根结线虫种群与GenBank的南方根结线虫MK784570、KP234265和KF041336等线虫的序列相似度达99%。【结论】侵染贵州省修文、息烽和大方县猕猴桃的根结线虫为南方根结线虫（Meloidogyne incognita）。

关键词： 猕猴桃;南方根结线虫;形态观察;鉴定;贵州省

中图分类号： S432.45;S436.634.1                  文献标志码： A 文章编号：2095-1191（2020）12-2971-07

Abstract：【Objective】To clarify the species of kiwifruit root-knot nematodes and provide  reference for the prevention and treatment of kiwifruit root-knot nematodes. 【Method】In this experiment， kiwifruit plants infected with root-knot nematodes were collected from Xiuwen， Xifeng and Dafang in Guizhou， the modified Bayman funnel method was used to isolate root-knot nematodes， and root-knot nematodes were observed and detected using morphological features and molecular biology methods， and identified by molecular biology. 【Result】Root nodules or nodules were formed in the roots of the injured kiwifruit， and nodules of different sizes were formed， with diameters ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 cm. The fibrous roots with diameter at 1.5-2.0 mm were severely damaged， and the infected fibrous roots produced single or serial nodular tumors， and the tumors were elliptical or subspherical. The distance from the excretory hole to the head of the female root-knot nematode of kiwifruit was about oncec as that of the mouth needle， the needle was bent slightly toward the back， the lip disc was dumbbell-shaped， the lateral lip was separated from the middle lip and the lip disc， and the boundary was obvious. The males lip disc was large and round， higher than the middle lip， and the middle lip clearly demarcated from the lip disc. The nematode population had 99% sequence similarity with the nematodes MK784570， KP234265 and KF041336 from GenBank.【Conclusion】The results show that the root-knot nematode infected Xiuwen， Xifeng and Dafang kiwifruit in Guizhou is Meloidogyne incognita.

Key words： kiwifruit; Meloidogyne incognita; morphological observation; identification; Guizhou

Foundation item： Guizhou Science and Technology Support Plan Project（QKHZC〔2018〕2058，QKHZC〔2019〕2406）

0 引言

【研究意義】猕猴桃也称奇异果，其口感酸甜，富含维生素C，在我国广泛种植（张安世等，2018）。目前，贵州省猕猴桃栽培面积排名全国第三，仅修文县猕猴桃种植面积就超过1.0万ha。随着猕猴桃栽培区域的扩大，猕猴桃病害发生日益严重，其中根部病害以根结线虫侵害为主（敖礼林和饶卫华，2000），常造成猕猴桃植株的根部肿大呈瘤状或根结状，引起地下病根腐烂（刘计权，2014），营养物质运输通道受阻（郭衍银等，2004），严重降低猕猴桃果实产量及品质。……