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下肢康复机器人在脊髓损伤康复中的应用

2020-02-22姚嘉欣李哲

中国现代医生 2020年35期

姚嘉欣 李哲

[摘要] 下肢康复机器人是近年来康复医学中的研究热点,通过程序化的被动下肢运动,促进大脑可塑性的发生,增加患者的主动运动,改善患者下肢功能,对脊髓损伤患者的坐姿平衡,步行能力,独立行走,多系统康复存在积极意义。经过近20年的高速发展,下肢康复机器人在治疗脊髓损伤方面,其研发、评估、训练和日常生活已较为成熟,虽不可避免存在一定局限性,但其未来发展也同样是重点康复研究内容,本文对下肢康复机器人在脊髓损伤康复中的应用进行综述。

[关键词] 下肢康复机器人;下肢机器人;脊髓损伤;文献综述

[中图分类号] R651.2          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1673-9701(2020)35-0187-06

[Abstract] Lower extremity rehabilitation robot is a research hotspot of rehabilitation medicine in recent years. Through programmed passive lower extremity movement, it can promote the occurrence of cerebral plasticity, increase patients' active movement and improve patients' lower extremity function, which has positive significance for patients with spinal cord injury in sitting balance, walking ability, independent walking and multi-system rehabilitation. After nearly 20 years of rapid development, the research, development, evaluation, training and daily life of lower extremity rehabilitation robot in the treatment of spinal cord injury have been relatively mature. Although there are certain limitations inevitably, its future development is also the focus of rehabilitation research. The application of lower extremity rehabilitation robot in the rehabilitation of spinal cord injury was reviewed in this paper.

[Key words] Lower extremity rehabilitation robot; Lower extremity robot; Spinal cord injury; Literature review

脊髓損伤(Spinal cord injury,SCI)是指由各种原因导致椎管内神经结构及其功能的损害,出现损伤水平及以下的运动、感觉、反射等脊髓功能障碍,是一种严重致残性的疾病[1]。SCI可引发多种临床综合征和系统并发症,导致患者生理机能紊乱,严重影响患者的生存能力。

近年来,SCI发病率在全球范围内以较高速度攀升,关于SCI的治疗已成为科研与医疗工作者的研究重点。既往通过甲基强的松龙为首的药物治疗[2];使用胚胎组织或细胞移植介导中枢神经系统轴突再生的移植治疗[3];利用分子生物学和细胞学手段,将目的DNA片段转移至特定细胞合成蛋白质的基因治疗[4],对SCI患者进行干预。但这些治疗方法存在见效慢、副作用大、操作易失败、花费高昂等缺点,而且对SCI患者下肢步行恢复效果不佳。……

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