基于农田景观的北京休闲农业发展现状与对策研究
2020-02-14聂紫瑾李琳
聂紫瑾 李 琳



摘 要:农田景观作为北京休闲农业的抓手,通过以农造景、以景促旅,在乡村振兴中发挥着重要作用。本研究通过乡镇普查和园区抽样调查相结合的方式,对基于农田景观的北京休闲农业的规模布局、作物栽培、配套设施、营销方式和经营情况进行了调查,对北京休闲农业的发展现状进行了分析。结果表明,目前北京休闲农业中存在的主要问题为农田景观种植水平不高、规划和主题缺乏特色、产业融合程度低、政策环境不稳定。针对上述问题提出了提高景观种植水平、强化主题特色、提高产业融合度、提供稳定政策环境等对策措施,以期促进北京休闲农业的可持续发展。
关键词:休闲农业;农田景观;北京;发展现状;发展对策
中图分类号:S28 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2020.01.011
Research on the Current Situation and Countermeasures of Farmland Landscape Development in Beijing
NIE Zijin, LI Lin
(Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Beijing 100029, China)
Abstract: Farmland landscape is the basis of leisure agriculture in Beijing. It plays an important role in the revitalization of rural areas by promoting tourism with landscape. To analyze the development status of leisure agriculture based on farmland landscape in Beijing, this study investigated the scale, crop cultivation, leisure facilities, promotion methods and operating conditions of farmland landscape by using the method of census and sampling survey. The results showed that the main problems in Beijing landscape agriculture included low cultivation level of landscape crops, lack of characteristics and theme, low level of industrial integration and unstable policy environment. In response to the above problems, some countermeasures were put forward to promote the sustainable development of leisure agriculture in Beijing, such as improving the cultivation level of crops, strengthening the theme characteristics, improving the degree of industrial integration, and providing a stable policy environment.
Key words: leisure agriculture; farmland landscape; Beijing; current situation; development strategy
为适应都市型现代农业建设、城乡统筹发展的需求, 自20世纪80年代北京市休闲农业逐步发展[1],经历了萌芽阶段、初步增长阶段和快速扩张阶段后,2009年开始进入了增长缓慢阶段[2]。2017年北京市休闲农业观光园1 216个、民俗旅游实际接待户8 363户[3],形成了采摘篱园和休闲农庄为主的8种乡村旅游业态[4],地域布局呈现近郊、中郊平原区、远郊山区3大圈层结构[5]。在目前的阶段内,市民对休闲农业的转型升级提出了新的要求,包括特色化的景观、多元化的产品和个性化的体验等,其中特色化的景观是核心的吸引物。
景观具有“风景”、“自然综合体”、“异质性镶嵌体”等多种含义,是风景美学、地理学和生态学等学科的研究对象[6]。……
