马雯静 张慧霞 丁 宇

摘    要：农业组织化经营是引领农户参与现代农业生产经营的组织化设计，在组织带动小农户，引领现代农业发展方面发挥着重要作用。目前我国农业组织化经营还存在对农业的支持作用有限，农户的参与度不高的问题。文章基于交易成本理论，通过对新疆第十三师火箭农场农户的调查，发现在不同种植作物的属性、技术要求、销售市场的影响下，农户选择农业组织化的诉求存在差异。基于结论，建议政府要因地制宜根据当地不同种植作物的实际情况，引导创建适合当地作物属性的、农户接受的农业组织化经营模式，真正起到带动引领农户增加收入的作用。

关键词：交易成本;农户;不同种植作物;诉求差异;农业组织化

中图分类号：F324.9           文献标识码：A         DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2020.01.007

Different Demands of Crops Farmers for Organized Agricultural Management Based on Transaction Cost： A Survey Conducted in Rocket Farm，13th Division in Xinjiang

MA Wenjing，ZHANG Huixia， DENG Yu

（School of Economics and Trade， Xinjiang Agricultural University， Urumqi， Xinjiang 830052， China）

Abstract： Agricultural organization management is an organizational design that guides farmers to participate in modern agricultural management. It plays an important role in organizing small farmers and leading the modern agriculture development. At present， There are various problems in terms of China's agricultural organization management such as a limited support for agriculture and low participation of farmers. Based on the transaction cost theory， through the investigation of the farmers of the 13th Division Rocket Farm in Xinjiang， this paper found that there were differences in appeal in farmers' choices for agricultural organization under the influence of the attributes， technical requirements and sales market of different crops. Based on the conclusion， it was recommended that the government should adapt the local conditions. That is， according to the actual situation of different crops in the local area， the government should guide and establishment agricultural organizational management model which suitable for farmers and local crop attributes so as to lead the farmers to increase their income really.

Key words：transaction costs; farmers; different crops; differences in appeal; agricultural organization

近年来，党中央、国务院和多个中央1号文件对于突出抓好农民合作社、促进农民合作社规范提升提出了明确要求。在有关部门的政策扶持和指导服务下，我国农民合作社得到快速发展。据统计，到2019年2月底，依法登记的农民合作社达到218.6万家，成立联合社1万多家，辐射带动全国近一半的农户，涉及的产业逐步拓展，种养业占70%以上，服务能力不断增强，提供产加销一体化的农民合作社占比达53%[1]。农民合作社作为把小农户引入现代农业经营的组织化设计，在组織带动小农户，引领乡村产业发展方面发挥了重要作用。但是从总体上看，农业合作社的发展暴露出合作社发育不完全、对农业的支持作用有限、农户参与度不高的问题[2]。……