香稻储藏过程中食味成分及理化性质的变化
2020-02-14李肖肖王芳王汝华李志彬
李肖肖 王 芳 王汝华 李志彬



摘 要:通过研究6种香稻糙米在37 ℃高温储藏180 d期间外观色差、水分、脂肪酸、糊化特性、蛋白质含量的变化,探索其储藏期间的品质改变。结果表明,稻米脂肪酸值在储藏期间逐渐升高,蛋白质含量变化较小,水分呈现下降趋势。不同品种在储藏过程中的变化规律存在差异,从脂肪酸、色差、糊化特性值等方面综合分析比较糙米品质指标变化规律,发现L6B和稻花香具有较好的耐储性。
关键词:香稻;储藏;脂肪酸;糊化特性
中图分类号:S511 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2020.01.005
Changes of Taste Components and Physical and Chemical Properties during Storage of Fragrant Rice
LI Xiaoxiao1, WANG Fang1, WANG Ruhua1, LI Zhibin2
(1.College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; 2.National Center for Japonica Rice Engineering and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China)
Abstract: The changes of the quality of six fragrant rice varieties during storage were explored by studying the changes of appearance color, moisture, fatty acid, gelatinization properties and protein content of the fragrant rice during the high temperature storage at 37 ℃ for 180 days. The results showed that the fatty acid value of rice increased gradually during storage, the protein content changed little, and the moisture showed a downward trend. However, the variation trend of different varieties in the storage process was different. Two varieties, L6B and Daohuaxiang, showed a better storage property through compared the changes of fatty acid, color difference and gelatinization property value.
Key words: fragrant rice; storage; fatty acid; gelatinization properties
水稻是世界上最主要的糧食之一。研究发现糙米储藏较稻谷储藏不仅可以提高仓库空间的利用率,而且减少运输压力,节约劳动力。但是糙米失去颖壳的保护,自身稳定性降低,储藏难度变大,尤其是在常温或者高温条件下更为明显[1]。糙米在储藏过程中,环境因素使大米失去原有的色香味及营养成分,并造成食用品质方面的下降,其中明显的品质特征改变是其质构特性的改变[2],主要是黏度降低,硬度增加。黏度和硬度是衡量稻米蒸煮品质的主要指标[1]。在糙米的储藏过程中,水分活度降低会导致蒸煮米饭颗粒的硬度增加,黏度减小,口感受到影响,甚至产生有毒有害物质,如黄曲霉毒素等,即大米陈化。关于糙米储藏品质判断的国家标准至今仍未制定,得出储藏香稻糙米品质变化规律,筛选储藏过程品质变化的敏感指标及耐储香稻品种,以便对制定规程、引导适宜香稻品种种植及安全储藏提供数据支撑[3]。……
