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发动机高模试车真空计在线校准系统的搭建

2020-02-04李慧庄杰沈锡江王杨杰

科技创新与应用 2020年3期

李慧 庄杰 沈锡江 王杨杰

摘  要:为解决航天企业在液体火箭发动机高模试车过程中对真空计校准的需求,采用静态比较法,搭建了一套真空计在线校准系统。详细介绍了阀门、管路、设备的组成与测控系统的设计。系统的软件部分采用NI公司的LabVIEW编程语言进行创建,实现了数据的采集与处理,具有人机交互界面设计美观、操作方便的优点,提高了测试系统的自动化水平。通过对10 Torr、2 Torr、1 Torr的真空计进行调零,可进一步提高真空计的测量精度。

关键词:发动机高模试车;真空计;校准系统

中图分类号:TB77          文献标志码:A         文章编号:2095-2945(2020)03-0006-05

Abstract: In order to solve the requirement of vacuum gauges calibration in the process of high altitude simulation test of liquid rocket engine, a set of vacuum gauge on-line calibration system was built by using static comparison method. The composition of valves, pipelines and equipment and the design of measurement and control system were introduced in detail. The software part of the system was created by LabVIEW programming language of NI Company, which has achieved the data acquisition and processing. It has the advantages of beautiful human-computer interaction interface design and convenient operation, which improves the automation level of the test system. By adjusting zero to 10 Torr, 2 Torr, and 1 Torr vacuum gauges, the measurement accuracy of vacuum gauges can be further improved.

Keywords: high altitude simulation test for engine; vacuum gauge; calibration system

引言

随着国内外真空应用产业的飞速发展,真空测量技术在航空、航天、核、船舶、电子、光学、医学、石油等領域应用广泛[1]。绝大多数国家的计量中心已陆续建立了真空计校准装置,主要采用的方法有比较法、静态膨胀法及动态流量法[2]。比较法采用磁悬浮转子真空计(SRG)、电容薄膜真空计(CDG)作为参考标准,通过被校标准真空计与参考标准测量校准室的压力来实现校准,校准范围一般为10-4~105Pa[3]。静态膨胀法的原理是基于Boyle-Mariotte理想气体定律,气体由取样室的小体积向校准室的大体积膨胀,气体压力由低真空范围内的值下降到高真空范围内的值,校准范围通常为10-4~103Pa[4]。动态流量法通过流量计提供标准流量,在分子流状态下采用已知流导的小孔连续膨胀衰减压力,校准范围可为10-7~10-2Pa[5]。

真空舱压力作为航天企业完成液体火箭发动机高模试车的一个重要指标,为了保证真空测量的可靠性,需要定期对真空计进行校准。……

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