陈斌 宫明雪 刘筱玮 李洪瑶 王欢 何淼

摘 要： 为探明绵枣儿（Barnardia japonica）在哈尔滨地区的年生长节律以及花芽分化进程，该文以从长白山引种至东北林业大学花卉研究所苗圃内的绵枣儿为材料，采用田间观察法研究绵枣儿的年生长节律，并采用石蜡切片法观察其花芽分化各阶段的形态解剖学特征。结果表明：（1）绵枣儿在哈尔滨地区的生长节律大致可以分为四个时期，即花芽分化与发育期、开花期、结实期、休眠期。（2）绵枣儿花芽分化进程可以分为七个阶段，即4月中上旬，由于土壤温度较低，鳞茎仍处于未分化期;4月下旬进入花序原基分化期;5月上旬苞片原基分化;5月下旬为小花原基分化期;5月末至6月初花被片原基分化;6月上旬进入雄蕊原基分化期;6月下旬为雌蕊原基分化期。该研究明确了绵枣儿在哈尔滨地区的年生长节律和花芽分化各阶段的解剖学特性，为园林应用和新品种的选育提供了一定的科学依据。

关键词： 绵枣儿， 生长节律， 花芽分化， 形态解剖

中图分类号： Q944.58

文献标识码： A

文章编号： 1000-3142（2020）11-1638-07

Abstract： In this research， Barnardia japonica that were introduced from Changbai Mountain to the Flower Research Institute of Northeast Forestry University were used as experimental material to explore the annual growth rhythm and flower bud differentiation in Harbin. The annual growth rhythm was studied by field observation method， and the morphological and anatomical features of each stage of flower bud differentiation were observed by paraffin sectioning. The results were as follows：（1）The annual growth rhythm of B. japonica could be divided into four periods， flower bud differentiation and development phase， flowering phase， fruiting phase and dormancy phase.（2）The flower bud differentiation process of B. japonica could be divided into seven stages. In early-middle April， the bulbs were still in the undifferentation phase due to the low soil temperature; the inflorescence primordium differentiation phase appeared in late April; in early May， the primordium differentiated; the florets primordial differentiation arised in late May; in end of May and early June， the primordium was differentiated; the stamen primordium differentiation phase happened in early June; the pistil primordium differentiated in late June. This study clarified the anatomical characteristics of each stage of flower bud differentiation of B. japonica， which provided a scientific basis for garden application and breeding of new varieties.

Key words： Barnardia japonica， growth rhythm， flower bud differentiation， morphological anatomy

花在植物的整個生活史中发挥着举足轻重的作用，作为植物的繁殖器官，它能影响植物的传粉、授粉和结实等过程（包宇等，2018;张亭等，2018），从而决定植物在自然界中的生存能力;作为观赏性状，它的数量多少和品质优劣是衡量其景观价值的重要指标（周亮等，2017），从而决定植物在园林应用中的市场前景。植物要开花，就要完成从营养生长阶段向生殖生长阶段的跨越，即顶端分生组织由叶芽状态转变为花芽状态，花器官原基发育成形，此过程就是花芽分化（许自龙等，2017）。……