杨茹画 金瑭 代玉烜 王丽

摘 要： 为探究雌雄地钱在镉胁迫下性别响应差异，该文采用室内培养法，对野外采集的地钱雌雄配子体进行CdCl2（100 mg·L-1）溶液胁迫处理，定期取样观测其生理指标并在雌雄间进行比较。同时，利用隶属函数法计算雌雄地钱所有指标的综合评价值，评估雌雄地钱耐镉能力差异。结果表明：雌雄地钱在镉胁迫后，各个指标的变化趋势基本一致，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、丙二醛（MDA）均表现为显著上升，过氧化物酶（POD）呈现为先下降后上升，脯氨酸（Pro）、可溶性蛋白均表现为先上升后下降，叶绿素a（Chla）、叶绿素b（Chlb）均表现为显著下降;雌性地钱叶绿素a/叶绿素b（Chla/Chlb）显著上升，雄性地钱仅在胁迫8 d显著上升，其余天数下无显著变化;综合评价值显示耐镉能力为雄性地钱>雌性地钱。该研究结果为深入探讨雌雄异株植物对胁迫的性别响应差异提供了参考。

关键词： 地钱， 镉胁迫， 性别差异， 隶属函数

中图分类号： Q949.351.108

文献标识码： A

文章编号： 1000-3142（2020）11-1671-10

Abstract： The physiological differences between male and female Marchantia polymorpha under cadmium stress were studied with incubation method in lab. Male and female gametophytes were collected from wild and regularly treated with 100 mg·L-1 of CdCl2 solution， then the cadmium treated samples were collected regularly for determination of physiological indexes. Meanwhile， the comprehensive evaluation value of male and female gametophytes， which calculated by subordinate function method， was used to evaluate the differences in cadmium tolerance. The results were as follows： Each physiological index had a similar trend of change， the activity of SOD， the contents of MDA and GSH increased significantly with stress day， the POD activity increased markedly after an initial decrease， the contents of soluble protein and proline enhanced significantly under short-term stress and then decreased gradually， and the contents of chlorophyll a（chla）and chlorophyll b（chlb）reduced dramatically with stress days; The value of chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b（chla/chlb）of female gametophyte had a significant increase， while it increased significantly only for 8 d in male gametophyte; The comprehensive evaluation value showed the cadmium tolerance ability of male M. polymopha gametophyte was better than female M. polymopha gametophyte. The results provide a reference for the further study of gender differences of dioecious plants under the different stress.

Key words： Marchantia polymorpha， Cd stress， gender differences， subordination function

鎘（Cd）主要来源于废气、污灌、污施，随着工业进程的加快，镉污染也日益严重。镉对植物是非必须元素，在植物体内累积到一定程度会对植物造成毒害，严重阻碍植物生长发育，镉胁迫主要影响植物的细胞分裂、细胞结构、生理生化等（张金彪和黄维南， 1998）。有研究发现低浓度的Cd2+能够刺激 RNA 和蛋白质合成酶的活性，促进细胞分裂进而促进植物生长（曹德菊和汤斌，2004）。高浓度的Cd2+会引起细胞分裂周期紊乱（张瑞凯等， 2018）、染色体发生畸变（赵锦慧等， 2016）等，最终导致细胞分裂受到严重影响。植……