未来气候变化对四种木姜子地理分布的影响
2020-01-21郑维艳曹坤芳
郑维艳 曹坤芳



摘 要: 该文利用最大墒模型(Maxent)和地理信息系统(ArcGIS 10.3)软件对中国木姜子属(Litsea)四种资源植物在我国当代、未来(2061年—2080年)气候条件下的潜在分布区进行预测,并对其适宜区进行分析和划分。结果表明:山鸡椒(Litsea cubeba)适宜区广泛分布在长江以南区域,在未来时段2061年—2080年两种(RCP2.6、RCP8.5)二氧化碳浓度情景下适宜区面积分别减少4.9%和0.5%;毛豹皮樟(L. coreana)适宜区主要分布在中亚热带及北亚热带区域,分布相对偏北,其在未来2061年—2080年两种二氧化碳浓度情景下适宜区面积分别增加5.6%和4.5%;华南木姜子(L. greenmaniana)适宜区主要分布在我国南亚热带区域;毛叶木姜子(L. mollis)适宜区广泛分布在亚热带区域。这两种树种在未来气候RCP2.6情景下适生面积减少1.0%和3.3%,在RCP8.5情景下减少5.6%和8.3%。上述结果说明木姜子属不同种由于生态习性差异对未来的气候变化的响应不尽相同,对这些植物引种栽培须考虑气候变化的影响。
关键词: Maxent模型, 木姜子属, 气候变化, 分布格局, 适宜区
中图分类号: Q948.15
文献标识码: A
文章编号: 1000-3142(2020)11-1584-11
Abstract: In this paper, the maximum entropy model(Maxent)and geographic information system(ArcGIS 10.3)softwares were used to predict the potential distribution areas of four Litsea species under the current and future climate conditions of China(2061-2080), and to analyze and classify their suitable habitats. The results were as follows: Litsea cubeba was widely distributed in the south to the Yangtze River in China, and under the future climate with two(RCP2.6, RCP8.5)carbon dioxide concentrations, during 2061—2080 the suitable area for its distribution was reduced by 4.9%and 0.5%, respectively; L. coreana was mainly distributed in central and northern subtropical regions of China, and under the climate scenarios with two carbon dioxide concentrations, in 2061—2080 the total suitable area would be increased by 5.6% and 4.5%, respectively; L. greenmaniana was mainly distributed in the south subtropical regions of China; L. mollis was widely distributed in the subtropical region. Under the future climate RCP2.6 scenarios, the suitable area of the two species would be shrinked by 1.0% and 3.3%, respectively, and under the climate RCP8.5, the suitable area of the two species would be shrinked by 5.6% and 8.3%, respectively. These results reveal that due to different ecological requirements, Litsea species will have different distributional responses to the future climate. The introduction and cultivation of Litsea species should consider the influences of climate change.
Key words: maximum entropy model, Litsea, climate change, distribution pattern, suitable area
植被與气候之间的关系已成为全球变化研究的一个重要领域。气候是预测树木与植被类型分布的主要因子,并与其他驱动因素相互作用影响森林的功能和动态过程(Boisvert-Marsh et al., 2014)。气候的历史性变化促成了当前物种的分布格局,未来的气候变化也将对其产生直接影响(Thuiller et al., 2011; Veloz et al., 2012; Bellard et al., 2012)。根据政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)第五次评估报告预测未来全球气候将继续变暖,全球平均气温将在21世纪末上升0.3~4.8 ℃(Allen et al., 2007)。未来全球变暖会不同程度地影响中国的极端天气和气候,为了制定适应气候变化的对策,需要预测气候变化对物种潜在分布格局的影响。……
