刁文卓　刁建东

[摘 要]突发公共卫生事件暴发后，政府为维持市场秩序及公共利益，出台了一系列的限价政策，这些政策引起了诸多争议。就理论层面，虽然市场机制可以引导稀缺资源的有效配置，但在突发公共卫生事件中，政府实施价格管制是对失灵市场的负外部性及供给弹性缺乏的必要干预;就实践层面，虽然我国《价格法》《突发事件应对法》等对价格管制有了初步规定，但通过对2020年我国新冠肺炎疫情期间价格管制的经济学和法理学分析，发现我国价格管制法律体系及实践仍存在哄抬价格认定标准不统一、基准价格日期设定不适当、违法所得计算方式不合理等问题。由此，通过科学确定限价幅度、遵循比例执法原则、完善应急储备制度、审慎适用刑事责任等措施能够有效完善我国突发公共卫生事件中的价格管制制度。

[关键词]突发公共卫生事件;新冠肺炎;价格管制;哄抬价格;非法经营

[中图分类号]D922.294 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1671-8372（2020）04-0058-07

Problems of price control system in the public health emergencies in China and the countermeasures

—taking the COVIN-19 outbreak as the example

DIAO Wen-zhuo1，DIAO Jian-dong2

（1.Qingdao Modern Institute of SME Development，Qingdao 266100，China; 2. Shandong Foreign Trade Vocational College，Qingdao 266041，China）

Abstract：After the outbreak of the public health emergencies，the government issued a series of price-limiting policies to maintain market order and public interests. However，these policies caused many controversies. On the theoretically level，although the market mechanism can guide the effective allocation of scarce resources，in public health emergencies，the governments implementation of practice control is a necessary intervention to the negative externalities and the lack of elasticity of supply in the failed market. On the practice level，Chinas The Price Law and The Emergency Response Law have preliminary provisions on price control，but by analyzing the economics and jurisprudence of price control during the COVIN-19 epidemic in China in 2020，it is found that there are still some problems in the legal system and practice of price control in China，such as the inconsistency in the identification standard of price gouging，the improper setting of benchmark price date and the unreasonable calculation method of illegal income. The study suggests that the price control system in public health emergencies in China can be effectively improved by scientifically determining the price limit range，following the principle of proportionality law enforcement，perfecting the emergency reserve system，and prudently applying criminal responsibility and other measures.

Key words：public health emergency; COVIND-19; price control; price pushing; illegal business

2020年年初，隨着新冠肺炎疫情的暴发，出现了各类防疫物资面临供不应求、价格暴涨的局面，政府为此出台了一系列促进复工复产、防止哄抬价格的政策。2020年2月1日国家市场监管总局下发了《关于新型冠状病毒感染肺炎疫情防控期间查处哄抬价格违法行为的指导意见》（以下简称《意见》），各省、市、自治区也相应出台了哄抬价格违法行为的认定标准，并对哄抬价格行为从严处罚。然而，价格管制措施在实……