刘振明

摘  要：治沟造地是针对黄土高原地区的一项人为的在沟道内修建田块并辅以淤地坝、排洪渠、谷坊、陡坡、陡坎等共同治理沟道的措施;是一项既增良田又保水土的治理沟道的重要措施;是一项集土地综合开发利用和生态文明建设为一体的沟道治理新模式。文章结合延安市8000公顷治沟造地工程经验，分析治沟造地过程中存在的问题并提出相应的保障措施，为今后黄土高原地区治沟造地工程顺利施工提供宝贵经验，为今后黄土高原地区沟道综合治理提供理论依据。

关键词：治沟造地;保障措施;水土流失

中图分类号：S157         文献标志码：A         文章编号：2095-2945（2019）24-0150-02

Abstract： Ditch control and land construction is a measure to control the ditch in the loess plateau， which is supplemented by warping dam， flood discharge channel， valley square， steep slope， steep place and so on in the loess plateau area to build the field block in the channel and supplemented by warping dam， flood discharge channel， valley square， steep slope， steep ridge and so on. It is an important measure to increase good land and protect soil and water， and it is a new channel management model which integrates the comprehensive development and utilization of land and the construction of ecological civilization. Based on the experience of 8，000 hectares of ditch land construction project in Yan'an City， this paper analyzes the problems existing in the process of ditch land control and puts forward the corresponding guarantee measures， so as to provide valuable experience for the smooth construction of ditch land construction project in the Loess Plateau in the future. The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive management of channels in the Loess Plateau in the future.

Keywords： ditch management and land production; safeguard measures; soil and water loss

引言

黄土高原地区是我国乃至世界上水土流失最为严重的地区[1-4]，造成黄土高原地区水土流失较为严重的原因有很多种，其中，既有过度耕牧、陡坡开垦等人为因素，也有气候和地质等自然因素[5]。水土流失会导致土壤肥力降低，从一定程度上讲，这就减小了耕地面积;经济发展带來的建筑设施面积增加，更是加剧了耕地面积减少的趋势。我国黄土高原地区人民不畏艰苦环境，在与自然条件做斗争的过程中，发现治沟造地不仅能够增加耕地、提高地力、提高当地居民人均收入，而且还能够较好的防治水土流失，保护当地生态环境，因此治沟造地是一项功在当代，利在千秋的民生工程[6]。治沟造地就是针对黄土高原地区的一项人为的在沟道内修建田块并辅以淤地坝、谷坊、排洪……