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用液体覆盖法减少铅炉铅渣的生成

2019-10-21姚明望

中国电气工程学报 2019年11期

摘要:本文是通过在高温铅液上覆盖一层液体,隔绝空气,阻止高温铅液被氧化,从而减少铅渣的生成,对于其他需在熔融状态使用的金属,也可参照该类方法,该层液体实际为金属盐,熔点低于铅的熔点,沸点则需高过熔铅炉的温度,在铅熔化时,该金属盐已熔化为液体,熔铅炉升至工作温度时该金属盐也不会沸腾,另还需密度小于铅的密度,与铅不互溶,与铅合金中的其他成份不反应。

关键词:铅液;铅渣;温度;液态;不互溶;不反应;

Absrtact: In this paper, the formation of lead slag is reduced by covering a layer of liquid with high temperature lead liquid to insulate the air and prevent the oxidation of high temperature lead liquid. For other metals that need to be used in the melting state, this kind of method can also be referred to. The layer of liquid is actually metal salt, the melting point is lower than the melting point of lead, and the boiling point needs to be higher than the temperature of overmelting lead furnace. When lead melts, the metal salt has melted into liquid. The metal salt will not boil when the lead melting furnace rises to the working temperature. In addition, the density of the metal salt should be less than that of the lead, which is not soluble with the lead and does not react with other components in the lead alloy.

Keywords: Lead liquid; Lead slag; Temperature; Liquid; Insoluble; Non-reaction;

引言

铅酸蓄电池生产制造过程中,有多个工序涉及到将铅或铅合金熔成熔融状态,熔融状态的高温下,铅合金内元素及铅都极易被氧化,从而生成大量氧化物(统称为铅渣),造成严重的资源浪费、巨大的环保压力及影响品质的均匀稳定。一直以来,人们想了很多办法来减少铅渣的生成,一些改善取得了很大的成效,例如集中供铅高位自流的方式代替泵吸式供铅,铅渣就减少了约5%,另还有一些在熔融铅表面覆盖一些物体(如耐火砖等),只流出投料口等部位,减少与空气接触的面积,也有一些成效,但如果表面覆盖的是液体,则几乎可完全隔绝空气,也不会影响投料。

1 材料选择及实验

1.1 高分子有机材料

最初想采用高分子有机物,该类材料成本低、流动性好,密度轻,符合作为覆盖物的条件,是很好的选择,但是没能够查找到沸点高于熔铅温度的有机物,另还会存在燃烧和爆炸等危险。

1.2 碘化铅

大部分的盐……

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