新加坡电力中长期市场浅析
2019-10-21钟声杨再敏张志翔梁志飞曾鹏骁
钟声 杨再敏 张志翔 梁志飞 曾鹏骁



摘 要 新加坡的电力工业在近二十年的改革历程中,不仅成功建立了电力现货市场,还建立了与之相适应的电力中长期市场。本文首先梳理其电力中长期市场的发展脉络,随后分析了其在不同阶段内通过发展电力中长期市场,解决发电侧市场集中度过高和提升零售侧竞争程度的实际做法,并最终进行了总结以供各电力现货市场试点地区加以借鉴。
关键词 电力市场;电力衍生品;新加坡
Introduction to Electricity Forward Market of Singapore
ZHONG Sheng1, YANG Zaimin2, ZHANG Zhixiang1, LIANG Zhifei1, ZENG Pengxiao3, JI Tianyao3, JING Zhaoxia3
(1.Guangzhou Power Exchange Center,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510623,China;2.Energy Development Research Institute of China Southern Power Grid,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510663,China;3.School of Electrica Power Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510641,China)
Abstract: During last two decades of deregulation reform, the power industry in Singapore not only established the spot market successfully, but also built the corresponding forward market. This paper sorts out the development of its forward market at first, then analyzes its practical measures in different stages, to solve the high concentration of power generation side and improve the competition of retail market by developing futures market. Finally, experiences are well concluded, as references to pilot areas of electricity spot market in our country.
Key Words: Electricity Market; Electricity Derivatives; Singapore
引言
在過去的20年里,新加坡的电力工业经历了一波渐进、稳定的去管制化改革,使之从垂直一体化的市场结构出发,成功转型为全亚洲范围内第一个运营电力现货市场的国家。新加坡国家电力市场(National Electricity Market of Singapore,NEMS)自2003年1月1日始正式运营,其批发市场采用了单一电能量(energy-only)的市场设计,通过“发电侧单边全电量竞价+节点边际定价”的价格形成机制,实行电能和辅助服务每半小时联合优化出清。与此同时,NEMS的发、售电侧均同步施行了渐进性改革,较好地保障了市场的全面放开及良好的运作态势。
事实上,在新加坡这样的岛国中建设小型、孤立的电力市场绝非易事,市场设计者所面临的最直接,也是最主要的挑战主要归结为以下两点:
(1)如何防止市场份额占统治地位的发电商滥用市场力。NEMS在起步阶段的市场集中度问题较为突出,其排名前三位的发电商 在市场中的电量占比高达85%,这显然赋予了他们以较大的可能性来行使市场力。……
