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吊挂设备对高速列车弹性车体垂向振动特性的影响

2019-10-21陈翔宇缪炳荣雒耀祥蒋钏应杨树旺

汽车实用技术 2019年12期

陈翔宇 缪炳荣 雒耀祥 蒋钏应 杨树旺

摘 要:为了研究车下吊挂设备对高速列车车体弹性振动的影响,文章搭建了车体与吊挂设备的刚柔耦合垂向动力学模型,通过对比刚柔耦合模型和多刚体模型的加速度功率谱密度研究了车体柔性对车辆垂向振动特性的影响;通过控制变量法改变吊挂设备的悬挂参数,分析了不同的悬挂系统频率、悬挂系统阻尼比和悬挂质量对车体中心位置的加速度幅频特性的影响;最后,将吊挂设备视为动力吸振器,采用Jacquot动力吸振器参数优化理论对悬挂参数进行优化。结果表明,合理的选择吊挂设备的悬挂参数可以有效的抑制的车体弹性振动。

关键词:吊挂设备;功率谱密度;幅频特性;DVA

中图分类号:U270.1+1  文献标识码:A  文章编号:1671-7988(2019)12-99-07

Abstract: In order to study the influence of suspended devices on the elastic vibration of high-speed railway vehicle, this paper builds a rigid-flexible coupled vertical dynamics model of vehicle body and suspension equipment. Firstly, by com -pares the acceleration power spectrum of rigid-flexible coupling model and multi-rigid model, the effects of vehicle body flexibility on vertical vibration of vehicle has been studied; Secondly, the suspension parameters of the suspended devices are changed, such as the frequency of suspension systems, the damping ratio of the suspension system and the suspension mass, then, the acceleration amplitude and frequency characteristics of to the center position of the vehicle body has been analyzed. Finally, the suspension equipment is regarded as the dynamic vibration absorber. The optimization of the suspension parame -ters by JACQUOT dynamic vibration absorber parameter optimization theory shows that the suspension parameters of the suspension equipment can effectively suppress the elastic vibration of the vehicle body.

Keywords: suspended devices; power spectral density; amplitude-frequency characteristics; DVA

引言

与其他交通工具相比,高速列车的速度和舒适度是其最重要的核心竞争力。但随着车辆运行速度的提高及车体轻量化导致的刚度不足等问题的出现,车体自身的弹性振动对车辆运行品质的影响越来越显著。铁道车辆车体振动可分为刚性和弹性两种模态。影响垂向乘坐舒适性的刚性模态是沉浮,俯仰和滚转模态,这些模态通常位于1 Hz左右的相对较低的频率范围内[1];弹性模态是指车体的扭曲和弯曲变形模态,影响到垂向乘坐舒适性的弹性模态大多数是一阶弹性模态,这种模态经常发生在接近4到10 Hz的频率范围内,而人类往往对此频率十分敏感[2]。为了体现车体的动态响应过程,必须考虑车体的弹性振动。……

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