方海峰 马金秋 陈轶嵩

摘 要：目前，针对车辆的节能环保绩效越来越受到广泛重视，各类替代能源汽车出现以期缓和化石能源危机与环境污染压力。对于中型货车而言，多种能源技术路线已逐步推广，但哪种技术路线具有最好的环保效益还需要一系列研究来确定。在此背景下，文章应用生命周期评价方法（LCA），选取较为常见的7款不同类别能源中型货车为研究对象，基于Gabi平台建立计算模型，并将最终的输出环境影响结果进行了对比分析。结果表明，综合环境效益最优的为燃料电池中型货车，并提出优化电网结构与制氢方案、加强汽车绿色设计等建议，以期进一步提升中型货车的环保效益。

关键词：中型货车;生命周期评价;Gabi;环境影响;对比分析

中图分类号：U469.7  文献标识码：A  文章编号：1671-7988（2019）12-27-04

Abstract： At present， the energy conservation and environmental protection performance of vehicles has been paid more and more attention. Various types of alternative energy vehicles have emerged to ease the pressure of fossil energy and environ -mental pollution. For medium-sized trucks， multiple energy technology routes have been gradually promoted， but the technical route with the best environmental benefits also needs a series of studies to determine. In this context， this paper applies the life cycle assessment method （LCA） to select seven different types of energy medium-sized trucks as the research objects， builds a calculation model based on the Gabi platform， and compares the final output environmental impact results. The results show that the fuel cell medium-sized trucks with the best environmental benefits and suggest optimizing the grid structure and hydrogen production scheme and strengthening the green design of the vehicle， in order to improve the environ -mental benefits of the medium-sized trucks.

Keywords： Medium-Sized Truck; Life Cycle Assessment; Gabi; Environmental Impact; Comparative Analysis

前言

随着国民经济发展进程不断加快，人们的收入水平稳步增长，汽车产业在良好的市场背景下迅速增长。但是，汽车大量使用带来的排放和导致的环境污染问题已不容忽视。随着新能源汽车概念的兴起，汽车产业已进入了“传统”向“新能源”的改革时期，乘用车的新能源进程如火如荼，货车作为大型汽车所产生的环境排放更加不容忽视。如今，各类新能源货车如雨后春笋般进入了汽车市场，虽然各类替代能源货车的出现将从源头上解决当下严苛的排放法规，但从生命周期范围内分阶段、分角度的对不同能源货车进行环境排放的对比研究更为客观和必须。……