老年人不适当用药的研究进展
2019-10-10赵丽艳赵忠鹏程艳芹李明春
赵丽艳 赵忠鹏 程艳芹 李明春
[摘要] 老年人因生理功能减退且常同时患有多种基础疾病,容易出现药物不良事件(ADE),可能表现为一个或多个老年综合征,包括出现一系列非特异性的症状和体征,如跌倒、谵妄、头晕、失禁、睡眠障碍等,严重损害老年人的生活功能,影响其生活质量,甚至显著缩短预期寿命,使疾病诊断和治疗更加艰巨。故对老年人不适当用药进行识别与早期干预,将对降低药物使用风险、避免和减少ADE有重要意义。本文就国内外近年来研究的重点老年人潜在不适当用药(PIM)标准、多重用药和药物重整、PIM预防三个方面进行综述。
[关键词] 老年人;不适当用药;药物不良事件;研究进展
[中图分类号] R969 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2019)07(c)-0047-04
Research progress on inappropriate medication use in the elderly
ZHAO Liyan1 ZHAO Zhongpeng2 CHENG Yanqin1 LI Mingchun1
1.Department of Pharmacy, the 401st Hospital of PLA, Shandong Province, Qingdao 266071, China; 2.Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100086, China
[Abstract] Older people are more likely to have adverse drug events (ADE) due to their decreased physiological function and often have multiple underlying diseases. ADE may manifest as one or more syndromes of the elderly, including falls, convulsions, dizziness, incontinence, sleep disorders, etc., seriously affecting the life and behavioral abilities of the elderly, while giving harder for diagnosis and treatment. Identification and early intervention of inappropriate medication use in the elderly are important for reducing the risk of medication, avoiding and reducing ADE. In recent years, the research focuses on the potential inappropriate medication (PIM) use standards for the elderly, multiple drug use and medcation reconciliation, and PIM prevention, this article reviews these three aspects.
[Key words] Elderly; Inappropriate medication; Adverse drug events; Research progress
目前,中国60岁以上老年人数量已超2亿,预计到2050年中国老龄人口将达到巅峰,平均每3人就有一位老人,成为世界上老龄化最严重的国家[1]。作为一个特殊的群体,老年人常伴发多种慢性疾病、同时服用多种药物,更容易出现药物不良事件(ADE),发生概率达11%(65岁及以上),增加了身心痛苦和医疗费用,成为社会重要的医疗问题。故为降低药物使用风险、避免及减少ADE,对老年人的不适当用药进行预先识别与早期干预将具有重要意义[2]。
1 老年患者潜在不适当用药(PIM)标准
PIM是指使用此类药物的潜在不良风险可能超过预期获益,是一类高风险药物。美国老年医学家Mark Howard Beers在1991年首次提出了PIM的概念,指“药物有效性尚未确立和/或ADE的风险超过预期的临床获益,同时缺少较安全的可替代药物”[3]。……
