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基于ADAMS的差速器建模与运动仿真分析

2019-10-09任志立李浙昆

软件 2019年7期

任志立 李浙昆

摘  要: 差速器在汽车直线行驶和转弯行驶中有重要的作用,差速器内结构复杂,机构较多,包括减速机构、差动轮系机构、传动半轴机构等,故差速器内机构的运动特性十分复杂。车辆上较为常用的是对称式锥齿轮差速器,其各机构的运动特性在各型减速器中较有代表性。首先分析差速器的差速原理,采用adams建立对称式锥齿轮差速器的虚拟样机三维实体模型,然后添加约束和驱动,应用虚拟样机运动仿真模块对该型差速器进行运动仿真。通过对运动仿真的结果进行分析,得出对称式锥齿轮差速器中各构件的运动特性,可以更深入的了解差速器的工作原理。

关键词: 差速器;adams;三维实体建模;运动仿真;运动特性

中图分类号: TP202    文献标识码: A    DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6970.2019.07.032

【Abstract】: Differential plays an important role in straight-line driving and cornering driving of automobiles. The internal structure of differential is complex and there are many mechanisms, including deceleration mechanism, differential gear train mechanism, transmission half-axle mechanism, etc. Therefore, the motion characteristics of the internal mechanism of differential are very complex. Symmetrical bevel gear differential is commonly used in vehicles, and the motion characteristics of each mechanism are representative among all types of reducers. Firstly, the differential principle is analyzed, and adams is used to establish a three-dimensional solid model of the virtual prototype of the symmetrical bevel gear differential. Then, constraints and drives are added, and the motion simulation module of the virtual prototype is used to simulate the motion of the differential. Through the analysis of the results of motion simulation, the motion characteristics of each component in the symmetrical bevel gear differential are obtained, and the working principle of the differential can be further understood.

【Key words】: Differential gear; adams; 3-D solid modeling; Motion simulation; motion characteristic

0  引言

驱动桥是车辆驱动系统中的重要组成部分,动力从发动机输出经过离合器、变速器、传动轴传动到驱动桥上,通过驱动桥内差速器的主减速器齿轮减速,然后通过差动轮将动力分配并传输到与车轮连接的左右两个半轴上,半轴带动车轮转动。故其中差速器的作用有两个,一是起减速作用,二是向两侧半轴分配扭矩。当车辆直线行驶时,受汽车两侧轮胎制造误差、胎压等因素影响,车辆轮胎周长存在微小差别,车辆两侧车轮长距离行驶相同距离时转过的圈数不相同,短距离行驶时车轮转过的圈

数基本相同。在车辆转弯时,内侧车轮的转速远小于外侧车轮的转速。若车辆不使用差速器由同一刚性驱动轴连接的两个车轮转速相同,但车轮需不同转速的功能却不能实现,车轮会出现滑动现像[1-4]。……

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