古倩华 郭璞若 赵渺希

摘要：乡镇社会是一个开放演化的具有耦合作用的网络系统，随着治理理念从“一元”向“多元”变化，乡镇治理中的正式制度与非正式制度的运行界域也发生了改变。本文以广东省河源市和平县林寨古村作为研究对象，从正式制度和非正式制度的角度对其乡镇治理的运作机制展开探讨。研究发现：正式制度方面，包括镇政府在内的行政机关在治理中占主导地位，村民委员会的村民自治职能被削弱的同时，普通村民基于土地资本成为了一支重要力量；非正式制度方面，镇政府通过成立企业的方式加速资金的周转，具有公信力的乡村能人在旅游开发公司担任要职，但人情社会中不规范的交换导致的权益受损问题仍然存在。研究最后分析了乡镇治理中正式制度和非正式制度的运行界域及二者的耦合机制，对乡镇治理模式进行讨论与展望。

关键词：乡镇治理；多主体参与；正式制度；非正式制度；耦合分析；林寨古村

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1009-1483.2019.04.009 中图分类号：TU984.2

文章编号：1009-1483（2019）04-0060-07 文献标识码：A

Analysis of the Coupling of Formal and Informal Institutions in the Township Governance： A Case Study of Linzhai Village， Heyuan City， Guandong Province

GU Qianhua， GUO Puruo， ZHAO Miaoxi

[Abstract] The township society is an open and evolutionary network system with coupling. As the governance concept changes from "unitary" to "pluralistic"， the operational boundaries of formal and informal institutions in township governance have also changed. Taking Linzhai Village in Heyuan City as example， this study discusses the operation mechanism of township governance from the perspective of formal and informal institutions. The study found that： in the formal institutions， the administrative organs including the town government dominated the governance， and the villagers’ self-governing functions of the village committees were weakened. At the same time， the ordinary villagers became an important force based on the land capital； in the informal institutions， the town government accelerates the turnover of funds through establishing a company， in which the reputable rural people hold important positions. However， the problem of damage to rights caused by irregular exchanges still exists. The study finally analyzes the operational boundaries of formal and informal institutions as well as the coupling mechanism of the two-subject in the township governance， while discussing and forecasting the township governance mode.

[Keywords] township governance； multi-agent participation； formal institution； informal institution； coupling analysis； Linzhai Village

引言

伴随着工业化、城市化的冲击，乡镇社会逐步转型的同时也面临许多新的问题。传统治理体系下的乡镇政府作为行政体系的末端，难以调和现代乡镇社会复杂的利益关系，来自市场和社会的多方力量开始逐渐介入乡镇治理，治理主体正从“一元”向“多元”转变。治理主体的变化带来了正式制度和非正式制度运行界域的改变，如何调适二者的关系，促进良性互动，从而保证乡镇社会良好的政治秩序是如今的乡镇治理必须面对的议题。……