刘逸夫　黄宗胜　钱长江　符裕红　喻阳华　严令斌

摘要：  該研究通过查阅文献、核对贵州大学林学院标本库及现场群落调查与标本采集，并运用碳同位素比值法研究典型C4植物水分利用特性，探索C4植物在喀斯特植被恢复中的地位，进而揭示贵州喀斯特地区C4植物资源的基本特征。结果表明：贵州喀斯特区共有C4植物141 种，隶属于74属15科，分别占全国科属种的62.50%、46.25%、24.48%，以禾本科（Gramineae）和莎草科（Cyperaceae）为主;区内C4植物种均为一年生或多年生草本，多年生植物种略多于一年生植物种;水分生态型整体偏旱生，旱生和中生植物分别占总数的24.82%和31.21%;喀斯特区C4植物具有高水分利用效率，但不同水分生态型间差异不显著;贵州喀斯特区C4植物资源具有资源丰富、利用途径广泛、能长期利用、竞争力强、能大面积分布、偏旱生且水分利用幅度广的基本特征，适合喀斯特区生境，自然状态下多为恢复早期物种，有利于喀斯特区生态恢复。在贵州喀斯特恶劣生态环境下C4植物有较好的生态适应性，并表现出较高的药用、食用、饲用、景观应用等价值，对其开发利用对贵州经济、社会发展及生态恢复有重要意义。

关键词： C4植物， 资源特征， 水分生态型， 水分利用效率， 贵州喀斯特区

中图分类号：  Q946文献标识码：  A文章编号：  1000-3142（2019）08-1092-15

Abstract：  The status of C4 plants in vegetation restoration of the karst region was explored， and the essential characteristics of C4 plant resources in Guizhou karst region were revealed， by consulting literatures， checking the specimen library of Forestry College of Guizhou University， investigating on-site community and collecting specimens， as well as based on carbon isotope ratio method to study the water utilization characteristics of typical C4 plants. The results showed that 141 species of C4 plants belonging to 74 genera and 15 families were found in the Guizhou karst region， which accounted for 62.05%， 46.25% and 24.48% of the countrywide families， genera and species respectively， and they were composed mainly of Gramineae and Cyperaceae; The species of C4 plants in the area were either annual plants or perennial plants， and the species number of perennial plant were slightly more than the annual plant; The overall water ecotype was dry， and the siccocolous and the mesad accounted for 84.82% and 31.21% of the total amount; C4 plants in karst region had high water use efficiency， while there was no significant difference among different water ecotypes; The C4 plant resources in Guizhou karst region had the essential characteristics of abundant resources， wide application， long-term utilization， strong competitiveness， large-area distribution， drought-producing and wide water use. Karst region provides a suitable habitat for C4plants. Under natural conditions， most of them are restoring early species， which is conducive to ecological restoration in karst region. C4 plants have good ecological adaptability under the harsh ecological environment of Guizhou karst region， and present relatively high value for medicinal， edible， feeding， landscape and other purposes. The exploitation of C4 plants is of great significance for the ecological restoration in Guizhou and the economic and social development of Guizhou area.

Key words： C4 plant， resource characteristic， water ecotype， water use efficiency， Guizhou karst region

Downton（1968， 1975）和Black（1971）根据植物光合途径类型的不同将植物进行划分后，对植物光合作用类型的鉴定及其生态地理学意义逐渐受到学者们关注。据报道，全球C4光合作用植物约有1 700 种，隶属于22科290属，并发现30余种具有C3-C4中间型（李美荣， 1993）;国内报道的C4植物有533 多种，隶属于24 科160 属（殷立娟和李美荣， 1997）。……