吴丽芳　魏晓梅

摘要：  该研究以蔗糖、麦芽糖、山梨醇及PEG（6000）为渗透剂，探讨了不同渗透剂对白刺花体细胞胚发育、胚成熟及萌发的影响。结果表明：白刺花下胚轴形成的胚性愈伤组织接种至MS + 2，4-D 0.2 mg·L-1 + NAA 1.0 mg·L-1 + 6-BA 2.0 mg·L-1 + TDZ 1.0 mg·L-1+蔗糖40 g·L-1+ 谷氨酰胺100 mg·L-1+植物凝胶3 g·L-1的培养基上，体细胞胚发生率高达66.21%，总胚数为79个;7%蔗糖可使体细胞胚成熟率高达64.36%，同時也可提高多子叶畸形胚形成;2%麦芽糖+2%山梨醇+4%蔗糖组合使体细胞胚成熟率最高达88.89%，畸形胚比例最低;30 g·L-1PEG培养时，体细胞成熟率最高，为82.35%;鱼雷期的体细胞胚最合适转接，可使体胚萌发率达90.58%，复合糖上培养得到的成熟体细胞胚生根率最高，为87.47%。这为实现白刺花体细胞胚育苗奠定了理论基础，并提供了可行的方案。

关键词： 白刺花， 渗透剂， 体细胞胚， 体细胞胚成熟， 体细胞胚萌发

中图分类号：  Q943.1文献标识码：  A文章编号：  1000-3142（2019）08-1107-08

Abstract：  To discuss the effect of different penetrants on maturation and germination of somatic embryo of Sophora davidii. Sucrose， maltose， sorbitol and PEG （6000） were used as penetrant in this paper. The development， maturation， and germination of somatic embryo was determined by different penetrant comparation. The results were as follows： the rate of somatic embryogenesis reached up to 66.21%， and the total number of embryos can achieve 79 when embryonic callus from hypocotyl of Sophora davidii were cultured in MS+ 2，4-D 0.2 mg·L-1 +NAA 1.0 mg·L-1+ 6-BA 2.0 mg·L-1 + TDZ 1.0 mg·L-1+sucrose 40 g·L-1+ glutamine 100 mg·L-1+plant gel 3 g·L-1. Adding 7% sucrose could promote the maturation rate of somatic embryo to 64.36%， meanwhile could also increase the development of polycotyledonous abnormal embryo. The maturation rate of somatic embryo went up as high as 88.89%， and the proportion of abnormal embryo the lowest， when somatic embryo were cultured in 2% maltose +2% sorbitol +4% sucrose combination medium. The maturation rate of somatic embryo was 82.35%， when the concentration of PEG was 30 g·L-1. Torpedo embryo was suitable for transported culture， the formative rate of somatic embryo was up to 90.58%. The rooting rate of mature somatic embryo was high， for 87.47% from three sugar combination culture. This study provides a theoretical reference and a feasible scheme for the development of somatic embryo seedling of Sophora davidii.

Key words： Sophora davidii，  penetrant， somatic embryo， somatic embryo maturation， somatic embryo germination

植物组织培养中体细胞胚发生途径是获得再生植株有效方法之一，由于体细胞胚发生具有数量多、来源于单个的原始胚性细胞、遗传相对稳定、结构完整、再生率高、可作为外源基因转化受体等优点（Gupta & Pullman，1991），已成为遗传改良和人工种子生产的原材料以及快速繁育和商品化生产种苗的前提（胡颂平和刘选明，2014）。最早通过体细胞胚发生的报道来自Steward（1958）和Reinert（1959）对胡萝卜根的培养，随后在一些草本植物中相继培养获得成功，木本植物由于生长发育规律、器官部位等与草本植物有较大差异，使木本植物体细胞胚胎发生的种类很有限，在世界范围内，目前通过体细胞胚发生途径诱导并培育出再生植株的木本植物180余种。……