Abstract：Cave dwelling in northern shaanxi of China is a typical ecological building in five thousand years of Chinese civilization. It is the main residential form on the special topography of the loess plateau and the main feature of architectural aesthetics in northern shaanxi. From the perspective of ecology， caves have inherent advantages， and the ecological concept and ecological technology has been adhered to for a long time. In recent years， the human society is facing serious ecological problems. At the same time， the understanding of ecological aesthetics mainly focuses on functionality and materialization. The lack of spiritual level is also an unavoidable problem nowadays. The ecological aesthetic significance of cave dwellings in northern shaanxi has been favored by experts and scholars at home and abroad. It provides a good reference case for the problems faced by human society and points out a new direction for modern design.

Cave dwelling， as a typical dwelling in the loess plateau area of northwest China， is a kind of living environment where people dig the inside into an arch shape by taking advantage of natural conditions such as mountain slopes. It inherits the primitive cave dwelling tradition， because of its unique geographical advantages， after thousands of years of test and accumulation， has become a veritable cultural carrier， records the simple folk customs of the northern ancestors， integrates the primitive and primitive aesthetic characteristics， the unique and generous attitude towards life and harmony with nature ecological view. Cave dwelling is still the most popular form of architecture in northern shaanxi. As a wonder in the history of architecture， the cave dwelling， from the very beginning， has shown a traditional ecological thought of Taoism， nature， the unity of man and nature， and the mutual use of man and nature. It emphasizes the harmony between human and nature and the combination of architecture and nature. In the close contact and affinity between human and nature， "the right place is the right place with natural resources"， which conforms to the nature and is used by us.

Modern interior design is limited in spatial structure， and seeking more natural and reasonable interior space layout has become its primary problem. "The last and most important principle of Chinese architecture is to maintain harmony with nature. The living consciousness of cave dwellings in northern shaanxi province is the embodiment of the traditional architectural concept of China for thousands of years. It follows the idea of "the unity of man and nature"， which enables the original ecological environment to be preserved and integrated with nature. It provides important enlightenment for the interior space structure. Introduce the external natural environment into the indoor environment to the maximum extent， so as to achieve the organic integration of people， buildings and environment. On the basis of meeting people's needs for space， it also makes the greatest contribution to environmental protection. The living consciousness of cave dwellings in northern shaanxi is closely related to the site selection of buildings. Only by observing the weather and geographical conditions can the surrounding natural environment be fully integrated and utilized. The spatial structure of cave dwellings in northern shaanxi is obviously of The Times. Different periods and different external environments have created different spatial structures of cave dwellings in northern shaanxi. Keeping pace with The Times is the key to its development， from the most primitive non-connected type， to the reasonably connected type， to the three-dimensional type with the most sense of layers. We cannot just passively wait for the progress of The Times and the development of technology. Under the current conditions， we should give full play to the initiative of subjective consciousness to find problems and transform the environment.

To sum up， in the process of modern interior design， it is necessary to combine traditional and modern technological means， and bring ecological aesthetics theory into it. At the same time， it is necessary to fully implement the idea of "the unity of man and nature"， and its important theoretical significance cannot be ignored. All design purposes are based on this basic principle. Follow the correct modern interior design concept， not only to achieve a comfortable living environment， but also to meet the people's aesthetic vision， and finally get the material and spiritual double harvest.

作者簡介：穆慧华（1995.2—），女，汉族，籍贯：山东日照人，齐鲁工业大学（山东省科学院）艺术设计学院，17级在读研究生，硕士学位，专业：艺术设计，研究方向：环境艺术设计。