刘静涵　郑淑晨　胡琼　蔡华娟

【摘要】 护理学是一门应用性和实践性很强的应用性学科，如何客观评价学生的临床实践能力在护理教育界一直是被关注的焦点。客观结构化临床考试目前在国内外医学、护理学教育，尤其是实习生考核和学科竞赛中应用广泛。本文在检索国内外相关文献后，就护理教育中临床能力的评估及发展、客观结构化临床考试在我国护理教育中的应用及其在应用过程中存在的优势和问题进行综述，旨在为高等护理教育护理学人才培养中如何客观评价学生综合能力提供客观依据，以期在高等护理教育中进一步完善和推广客观结构化临床考试法。

【关键词】 客观结构化临床考试; 护理教育; 临床能力评价

doi：10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2019.15.082 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1674-6805（2019）15-0-03

【Abstract】 Nursing is an applied and practical application discipline.How to objectively evaluate students clinical practice ability has always been the focus of attention in the nursing education field.Objective structured clinical examinations are currently widely used in medical and nursing education at home and abroad，especially in interns assessment and subject competition.After searching relevant literatures at home and abroad，this paper reviews the development and development of clinical competence in nursing education，the application of objective structured clinical examinations in nursing education in China，and the advantages and problems in the application process.In the nursing talent training，how to objectively evaluate the students comprehensive ability provides an objective basis，in order to further improve and promote the objective structured clinical examination method in higher nursing education.

【Key words】 Objective structured clinical examination; Nursing education; Clinical ability evaluation

护理学是一门实践性很强的应用型学科，对护理学专业学生临床能力的评判，一直是护理教育界关注的焦点。传统的临床能力评价多为由老师的直接观察或评价为主，容易受环境、评价者主观因素等干扰而出现误差，且偏重于单一操作技能熟练度的测试，忽略了其他能力如解决问题、沟通能力、批判性思维、临床应变能力等的评价。虽然目前各大护理院校在临床技能考核中结合情境模拟，但学生面对的护理对象还是以模型或同学互相练习为主，造成教学与临床实景有较大的差异，导致学生在进入临床面对真实的临床实景时难以应变。此外，在护理临床技能考核中还缺乏对于学生“同理心”“关怀”等重要护理专业素质的评价。……