王旭

摘  要：目前铁路的修建在戈壁地区面临的一大问题就是戈壁风沙流对工程的危害，风沙流的风蚀和积沙作用严重危害铁路路基的稳定性及机车的行车安全。针对风沙流设计经济合理的工程防治措施是保证工程建设及铁路运营的关键。通过研究前人的研究成果，结合铁路工程在勘察中可以相对容易获取的戈壁砾石覆盖度、风沙颗粒粒径、密度以及风速等影响因子，提出一套计算戈壁风沙流年输沙量的计算公式。不用采取建立长期观测站点等耗费人力财力的常规手段，就可以为工程设计提供相对准确的指标。节约了勘察期间的成本和时间，并使勘察工作更加符合现阶段铁路项目快速建设的时代要求。

关键词：戈壁风沙流  输沙量  临界启动摩阻风速  砾石覆盖度

中图分类号：U212.22   文献标识码：A           文章编号：1672-3791（2019）05（a）-0180-03

Abstract： The construction of the railway in the gobi region faces a big problem is the gobi sand flow to the harm of engineering， the sand flow of wind erosion and sediment deposition effects which cause serious damage to railway roadbed stability and safety of locomotive. It is the key to guarantee the engineering construction and railway operation to design the economical and reasonable engineering control measures. By studying the predecessors' research results， combined with railway engineering can be relatively easy to obtain in the investigation of the gobi gravel coverage， sand particle size， density and impact factors such as wind speed put forward a set of calculation formula for computing the gobi sand time sediment discharge. It is possible to provide relatively accurate indicators for engineering design without resorting to conventional means such as establishing long-term observation stations and so on. It saves the cost and time during the survey period， and it is more in line with the requirements of the time of rapid construction of railway projects.

Key Words： Gobi desert flow; Sediment discharge; Critical start of friction wind speed; Gravel coverage

在我国，沙漠、戈壁总面积已达128×104km2，约占我国国土面积的14.1%，它们主要位于北纬35°～50°、东经75°～125°之间，大致分布在乌鞘岭和贺兰山以西[1]。随着西部大开发的深入及人类对自然资源需求的急剧增长，逐步展开了风沙地区各类工矿企业的建设，相应的基础设施建设逐渐展开。而在风沙戈壁地区建设铁路将面临风沙对铁路的危害。在沙漠地区，风沙对铁路危害的等级可以通过拟建场地调查植被覆盖率、沙丘形态、面积、沙丘流动性等植被、地质特征加以评判。而对于戈壁风沙流对铁路危害等级的划分则只能通过单位长度内的年输沙量作为评判标准[2]。……