田瑾 张萍

关键词： 老年人; 公共空间; 智能导视; 系统设计; 信息密度设置; 愿景匹配

中图分类号： TN820.4?34; TB472                 文献标识码： A                  文章编号： 1004?373X（2019）14?0173?04

Design of intelligent guidance system for public spaces under background of aging

TIAN Jin， ZHANG Ping

（Hebei University of Technology， Tianjin 300400， China）

Abstract： Under the background of aging， it is difficult for the elderly to go around. Therefore， an intelligent guide system of public space under the background of aging is designed. The three?dimensional environment of public space is displayed as a seamlessly connected plane environment by using virtual reality technology and quasi?physical elements consistent with the knowledge and experience of the elderly， in which the vision of public space is matched. The multimedia technology is adopted for utility?oriented analysis to make the elderly get to their target location directly. The azimuth search of the location enriches the function of the guidance system. Based on the analysis results of the guidance information density， a multi?objective optimization model including the location and destination of the guidance signs is constructed to ensure the optimization of the location of the guidance signs， and to make the distance between the elderly and the guidance signs′ destination points smallest， so as to realize the intelligent guidance of public space in the context of aging. The results show that the system can guide the elderly to their destination in a short time， and the evaluation results of fair usability， vision matching， reception and perceived accessibility of the system are excellent， and the effect of guidance is good.

Keywords： old people; public space; intelligent guidance; system design; information density setting; vision matching

0  引  言

随着我国老龄化发展进程加快，老年人的公共交通出行问题成为社会广泛关注的研究热点[1]。公共交通设施的通用性设计水准是衡量城市交通建设的优秀指标之一。公共交通枢纽系统复杂化和国际化的发展趋势，促使老年人对公共空间智能导视系统需求逐步提升，很多公共空间如公园、医院和商场等设计的导视系统文字较小，老年人无法识别。因此，设计老龄化背景下公共空间智能导视系统十分必要。

1  公共空间智能导视系统设计

1.1  愿景匹配分析

公共空间影响老年人出行效率的主要原因是老年人对环境存在认知障碍，其表现为老年人身体各项机能退化，对复杂信息标志理解和识别存在困难，导致出现焦虑和暴躁等情绪。因此，针对老年人设计公共空间智能导视系统时需通过可视化手段提升老年人的程序记忆[2]。采用智能手机设备，通过虚拟现实技术以及与老年人知识经验一致的拟物元素，将公共空间立体环境展示为无缝连接的平面环境，便于老年人对公共空间直观观察，实现公共空间的愿景匹配。老龄化环境下老年人视力下降，听力和肢体能力均较差[3]，在一些公共空间都会有很多利于老年人出行的标识。图1是以老年人为受众目标某公园导视系统图。

1.2  效用导向分析

设计针对老年……