石丽莉 夏克文 戴水东 鞠文哲

摘 要：针对断路器储能弹簧传统经验试算的设计方法易导致弹簧结构参数不合理、断路器的体积大及分断性能差的问题，应用一种结合鲶鱼效应改进的云粒子群优化算法对断路器的储能弹簧参数进行优化设计。首先，根据储能弹簧的工作原理，推导储能弹簧的数学优化设计模型以及弹簧参数设计的约束条件;然后，根据优化模型对算法进行改进，在传统粒子群优化算法的基础上，引入鲶鱼效应策略产生多样候选解，避免算法陷入局部最优值，并结合云模型适时调整寻优速度权重因子，以加快算法的收敛和提高全局搜索能力;最后，采用改进算法对断路器的储能弹簧优化模型进行仿真及相应的弹簧参数计算。实验结果表明，可以应用改进的粒子群优化算法对断路器储能弹簧进行优化设计，设计结果更加小型化、分断性能更优。

关键词：储能弹簧;粒子群优化算法;云模型;鲶鱼效应

中图分类号：TP213

文献标志码：A

Abstract： In the traditional way to design the energy storage spring of the circuit breaker the method of experience trial calculation is mainly adopted， which may easily lead to unreasonable parameters of the spring structure， large volume of circuit breaker and poor breaking performance. Therefore， An improved cloud particle swarm optimization algorithm combined with catfish effect was applied to optimize the parameters of energy storage spring of circuit breaker. Firstly， according to the working principle of energy storage springs， the mathematical optimization design model of the energy storage springs and the constraints of the spring parameter design were deduced. Then， improving the algorithm based on the optimization model， on the basis of the traditional particle swarm optimization algorithm， catfish effect strategy was introduced to produce various candidate solutions， avoiding the algorithm falling into local optimal value and the optimization speed weighting factor was adjusted combined with the cloud model to speed up the convergence of the algorithm and improve the ability of global search solutions. Finally， the improved algorithm was used to simulate the optimization model of the energy storage spring of circuit breakers and calculate the corresponding spring parameters. The results show that the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm can achieve miniaturization and better breaking performance of circuit breakers.

0 引言

在新能源领域与智能电网的快速发展大趋势下，供配电市场规模不断扩大，电网的可靠性运行要求也越来越高[1]。断路器作为常见的开关器件，用于接通和分断电流，以保护电气设施、配电线路免于由短路引起的过电流受损及过欠压破坏[2]。随着日常用电量增多，为确保电网能够安全工作，对断路器的优化要求日异严苛[3]。其中，断路器优化主要体现在节能化、快速分断、小型化、可通信等方面[4-5]， 因此，设计高效、稳定、安全的断路器是目前研究的热点、难点[6-8]。……