赵威 林煜明 黄涛贻 李优

摘 要：用户评论包含了丰富的用户观点信息，对潜在的顾客和商家具有重要的参考价值。观点目标和观点词作为用户评论中的核心对象，它们的自动抽取是用户评论智能化应用的一项核心工作。目前主要采用有监督的抽取方法解决该问题，这些方法依赖于利用高质量的标注样本进行模型训练，而传统人工标注样本的方法不仅耗时费力，且标注成本高。众包计算为构建高质量训练样本集提供了一种有效途径，然而，众包工作者由于知识背景等因素使得标注结果的质量参差不齐。为了在有限的成本下获取高质量的标注样本，提出一种基于工作者专业水平评估的自适应众包标注方法，构建可靠的观点目标观点词数据集。首先，通过小成本挖掘出高专业水平的工作者;然后，设计一种基于工作者可靠性的任务分发机制;最后，利用觀点目标和观点词间的依赖关系设计了一种有效的标注结果融合算法，通过整合不同工作者的标注结果生成最终可靠的结果。在真实数据集上进行了一系列实验表明，与GLAD模型和多数投票（MV）算法方法相比，所提方法能够在成本预算较小的情况下将构建出的高质量观点目标观点词数据集的可靠性提高10%左右。

关键词：观点挖掘;众包计算;成本约束; 工作者检测;数据整合

中图分类号：TP391

文献标志码：A

Abstract： User reviews contain a wealth of user opinion information which has great reference value to potential customers and merchants. Opinion targets and opinion words are core objects of user reviews， so the automatic extraction of them is a key work for user review intelligent applications. At present， the problem is solved mainly by supervised extraction method， which depends on high quality labeled samples to train the model. And traditional manual labeling method is timeconsuming， laborious and costly. Crowdsourcing calculation provides an effective way to build a highquality training sample set. However， the quality of the labeling results is uneven due to some factors such as knowledge background of the workers. To obtain highquality labeling samples at a limited cost， an adaptive crowdsourcing labeling method based on professional level evaluation of workers was proposed to construct a reliable dataset of opinion targetopinion words. Firstly， high professional level workers were digged out with small cost. And then， a task distribution mechanism based on worker reliability was designed. Finally， an effective fusion algorithm for labeling results was designed by using the dependency relationship between opinion targets and opinion words， and the final reliable results were generated by integrating the labeling results of different workers. A series of experiments on real datasets show that the reliability of high quality opinion targetopinion word dataset built by the proposed method can be improved by about 10%， compared with GLAD （Generative model of Labels， Abilities， and Difficulties） model and MV （Majority Vote） method when the cost budget is low.

英文关键词Key words： opinion mining; crowdsourcing calculation; cost constraint; worker measurement; data integration

0 引言

在线评论由于包含了丰富的用户观点信息，因此对于潜在的用户、生产厂商和服务商具有重要的参考价值; 然而，随着评论的数据量急剧增长，人工分析评论已经变得不现实。……