李瑞瑞 王雪 张明 柴晨 周楚 马雪铭 王艳波

摘 要：营运车辆肇事造成的交通事故极其严重，营运驾驶员交通安全引起广泛关注。驾驶员安全教育是提升营运驾驶员安全水平的主要措施，交通管理部门对安全教育十分重视，并出台了相关法律法规与政策来指导营运企业安全管理与驾驶员安全教育。但安全教育效果的继续提升，仍需基础研究予以支撑。为提出更加有效的营运驾驶员安全教育方法，本研究对营运驾驶员的事故、违法、不良驾驶行为进行了系统分析，并通过调查问卷广泛了解营运驾驶员的基本信息、工作负荷、心理困扰、职业健康等基本状况，最终提出集体共性问题教育与个体个性化教育相结合的组合式安全教育方法。本研究可为营运企业安全管理与营运驾驶员安全教育提供理论基础。

关键词：营运驾驶员；不良驾驶行为；驾驶员安全教育；营运车辆企业安全管理

中图分类号：U491

Risky driving behavior of high-risk drivers analysis and intervention study

LI Ruirui1， WANG Xuesong1， ZHANG Ming2， CHAI Chen1， ZHOU Chu3， MA Xueming3， WANG Yanbo1

（1. Tongji University， Shanghai 201804， China；2. Traffic Administration Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security， Beijing 100741， China；3. Fudan University， Shanghai 200433， China）

Abstract： Traffic crashes caused by commercial vehicles were serious. Then professional drivers traffic safety is raising wide attention. Driver safety education is the main measure to improve the safety level of professional drivers. The traffic management department attaches great importance to safety education， and has issued relevant laws， regulations and policies to guide the safety management of commercial vehicle company and driver safety education. However， basic research is still needed to improve the effect of safety education. To put forward a more effective driver safety education method， this study systematically analyzed professional drivers crashes， violations and risky driving behaviors. In addition， questionnaire survey was used to explore the basic conditions of professional drivers demographic information， working load， psychological distress， occupational health， etc. Finally， a combined safety education method including collective education and individual personalized education was proposed. This study can provide theoretical basis for company safety management and driver safety education.

Keywords：Professional driver；risky driving behavior；safety education；commercial vehicle company safety management

隨着社会经济的发展，营运车辆保有量以及客货运平均运距均呈不断增长的趋势，这为道路交通安全带来了巨大的挑战。2017年，全国共发生营运车辆肇事导致的涉及人员伤亡道路交通事故起数和死亡人数分别占全国道路交通事故总数的19.87%和31.11%，营运车辆肇事导致的一次死亡10人以上重特大交通事故起数占总数的88.90%[1]。已有研究证明，约90%的交通事故都是由驾驶员的失误造成的。营运车辆交通事故高发，营运驾驶员随之变成重点关注的一类驾驶员。……