王沛琦 胡学礼 李雪蓉 胡尊红 杨谨 郭丽芬 刘旭云

摘  要  以来自国内外的312份红花种质为材料，采用主成分分析与聚类分析，对6个主要表型性状进行多样性分析。结果表明：红花种质资源主要表型性状的遗传变异丰富。顶果球着粒数的多样性指数最高，其次是果球直径;单株种子产量的变异系数最大，其次是单株有效果球数。主成分分析表明，前3个主成分累计贡献率达78.30%，反映了6个性状的大部分信息。基于各种质间6个性状的差异，对312份红花种质进行聚类并划分为7大类群，第Ⅰ类群果球大、顶果球着粒数多，具有增产潜力;第Ⅲ类群综合表现最好，可作为高产育种材料;第Ⅵ类群籽粒大，可作为大粒型选育亲本;其余类群表现一般。该结果可为红花的有效利用及新品种选育提供科学依据。

关键词  红花;种质资源;表型性状;遗传多样性

中图分类号  S32      文献标识码  A

Abstract  The phenotypic diversity of 6 major phenotypic traits was analyzed by principal component analysis and cluster analysis for 312 safflower germplasm resources from domestic and overseas. The results revealed that the genetic diversity of the major phenotypic traits in Safflower resources was abundant. The diversity index of the number of seeds in the top fruit was the highest， followed by the diameter of top fruit. The coefficient variation of the yield per plant was the highest， followed by the effective number of fruits per plant. The principal components analysis of 6 traits showed the first three principal components accounted for 78.30% accumulation contribution rate， reflecting most of the information of 6 traits. Based on the phenotypic difference of the 6 agronomic traits， the 312 safflower germplasm resources were divided into 7 groups. The resources of the first group had the largest fruits ball and seed number of top fruits， which had the potential for increasing yield. The third group had the best comprehensive performance and could be used as the material for high-yield breeding. The sixth group had large grains which could be used as the large-grain selection parent. The performance of other groups was average. This study would provide a scientific information for the effective utilization and breeding of safflower germplasm resources.

Keywords  safflower （Carthamus tinctorius L.）; germplasm resources; phenotypic traits; genetic diversity

DOI  10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2019.06.010

紅花（Carthamus tinctorius L.）别名刺红花、红兰花及草红花，属于菊科（Compositae）红花属（ Carthamus）的一种一年生草本双子叶植物，其花色为红色、黄色、白色、橘黄或者橘红。红花原产于大西洋的东部、非洲西北部的加那利群岛及地中海沿岸[1-2]，目前在我国已有两千多年的栽培历史，主要分布在新疆、云南、河南、山东、四川等地。红花花瓣主要用于提取红色素与黄色素，红花籽用来榨油，红花籽油中亚油酸含量高达85%，被称为“亚油酸之王”[3-6]。

种质资源的研究是一项基础性工作，新品种的成功选育及应用，与优异种质资源的收集和研究有很大相关性。……