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康复步行训练机器人位置和速度跟踪误差同时约束的安全预测控制

2019-07-22孙平张帅

电机与控制学报 2019年6期

孙平 张帅

关键词:康复步行训练机器人;跟踪误差约束;安全预测控制;二次规划

DOI:10.15938/j.emc.2019.06.000

中图分类号文献标志码:A 文章编号:1007 -449X(2019)06 -0000 -00

Abstract:A rehabilitative training walker needs to track trajectory which is prescribed by doctors so that it can help rehabilitee train.The design scheme of a safe predictive controller is proposed while simultaneously considering the safety of the rehabilitees,extensive motion position and velocity tracking errors during training.The ultimate aim is to realize robots trajectory tracking and velocity tracking simultaneously for arbitrary initial position,and restrict tracing errors within prescribed range in order to increase the safety of the system.The predictive model with incremental control is established by discretizing kinetics model of the rehabilitative training walker.In predictive timedomain,the performance index of trajectory tracking errors is designed and the constraint conditions of tracking errors are structured.The predictive control of satisfying the constraint conditions of tracking errors is obtained by designing auxiliary motion trajectory and solving quadratic program with incremental control.The simulation and experiment results show the feasibility and superiority of the proposed control method with position and velocity tracking errors simultaneous constraints.

Keywords:rehabilitative training walker;tracking errors constraints;safe predictive control;quadratic program

0 引 言

隨着高龄人口增加和步行障碍患者增多,仅依靠理疗医生无法完成繁重的步行康复训练任务,因此康复步行训练机器人得到了极大发展[1-4]。步行训练机器人通常需要跟踪医生指定的运动轨迹,帮助患者康复训练,近年来,研究者们提出了多种跟踪控制方法,如解决重心偏移和负载变化的自适应控制[5];执行器故障时的冗余安全控制[6];提高轨迹跟踪精度的模糊滑模控制[7]等等。上述控制方法均以实现机器人轨迹跟踪或速度跟踪为目的,无法实现轨迹和速度同时跟踪,且没有考虑机器人的运动位置和速度约束。

与工业机器人不同,康复机器人与患者接触,运动位置和速度对保证康复者的安全具有重要意义。如果速度状态超过患者承受能力,将导致患者与机器人运动不协调而再次受伤;位置状态超出空间环境限制,机器人可能会碰撞周围人或物体。由此可见,不约束运动位置和速度对患者来讲是极其不安全的。事实上,由于机械系统的状态受到限制,会导致系统性能的下降[8-9]。如约束运动位置,难以实现速度跟踪;约束运动速度,不能保证实时跟踪运动位置。文献[10]利用饱和函数约束了康复机器人的运动速度,控制器通过增加补偿使机器人实现了轨迹跟踪,不仅控制器设计复杂,而且不能同时约束机器人的运动位置。……

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