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智能接触器准临界电流搜索自起动控制

2019-07-22庄杰榕许志红

电机与控制学报 2019年6期

庄杰榕 许志红

关键词:数字闭环;下降拐点;自起动;准临界电流;模糊观测

DOI:10.15938/j.emc.2019.06.000

中图分类号文献标志码:A 文章编号:1007 -449X(2019)06 -0000 -00

Abstract:A selfstarting control strategy with quasicritical current for intelligent contactor was proposed. The forced down phenomenon of coil current was analyzed and the constraint condition for current closedloop was inferred. Based on these, the universal feedback signal of movement of contacts was established. Thus the quasicritical starting current was obtained when turning point occurred. By fuzzy observation, the starting current for contactor of different capacity was provided for the first time. A digital closedloop control method with opposite polarity voltage was designed. The high response online current search was used to approach critical starting current under the current working condition, in order to realize selfstarting process control with coordination between attraction and counterforce. The proposed control strategy which is insensitive of contactor parameters change and voltage fluctuation, can adaptively search for the quasicritical current to suppress the contact bounce. At the same time, it has the advantages of starting block fault alarm, coil overcurrent protection and so on. The effectiveness of the control strategy is verified by the related simulations and experiments.

Keywords:digital closedloop;dropping turning;selfstarting;quasicritical starting;current fuzzy observation

0 引 言

高性能的智能接觸器在新能源并网、电动汽车等领域中承担着可靠通断电路的控制任务,受到国内外学者的广泛认可及研究[1-4]。文献[5-7]分别采取实验归纳及数值仿真方法,分析交流接触器最佳的合闸相角,设计选相控制方案,一定程度上抑制了触头弹跳;文献[8-11]将电磁系统的励磁方式由交流变换为直流,实现无分磁环的本体结构,显著减小磁滞涡流损耗,开关可节能无声运行;文献[12-16]引入电压或电流反馈,快速调节电磁机构励磁状态,解决开环控制缺陷,实现电磁系统交直流通用、宽电压运行,触头系统弹跳抑制等;文献[17-19]分别基于电磁机构的磁路模型、电路模型及动态仿真分析,实现永磁接触器位移分段PWM控制;文献[20]将模型预测融入接触器运动过程仿真,改变电压施加时间进而调节励磁电流,显著减小因开关投切弹跳引起的系统暂态涌流。总结以上文献,励磁电流曲线是直接影响接触器吸合过程吸反力配合的重要参数,间接关系到触头弹跳和动作稳定性。文献中大多通过离线方法获取这一关键控制参量,离线方法可分为机理建模和试验,得到的控制规律具有一定效果。然而,离线参量始终指导接触器在线时变的运行状态,局限性大:接触器规格种类繁多,反力等特性不同;运行工况日益复杂,以安装于海上风机系统的接触器为例,面临高低温、电压大幅波动、机械振动等复杂工作条件,极大地增加机理建模和试验调试的周期和难度;建模依赖接触器实际参数和假设条件,即便针对固定的本体,接触器长期运行后自身特性发生改变,离线建立的模型与实际模型逐渐脱节;实验室难以完全复现实际工况,离线实验数据对接触器的长期控制指导意义有限;电磁系统与触头系统在电气上各自独立,缺少机械状态反馈变量是制约接触器在线控制的重要原因。接触器装配紧凑,在有限的空间安装位移等机械信号传感器,不可避免带来运动部件质量的增加,影响接触器运行状态,传感器需要频繁承受振动冲击,成为机械上的薄弱点。

为解决上述缺陷,本文提出智能接触器准临界电流搜索自起动的控制思路:对运动反电势引起线圈电流强迫下跌现象进行分析,推导得出区分电流闭环调节与电流强迫下跌的电压约束条件,在此约束条件下,电流下降拐点与触头闭合时刻存在时间近似关系,间接建立起反映触头运动状态的通用反馈信号,无需添加额外的机械传感器,不依赖接触器的具体参数;采用双极性数字电流闭环实现高动态响应的线圈电流变换,以台阶方式进行在线搜索,将下降拐点处的线圈电流定义为准临界电流,不断逼近当前工况下的起动临界电流;采用模糊观测器建立起动电流的通用预判模型,将人为经验转换为精确的数字量,从而预估不同容量接触器首次起动电流的在线搜索范围,为搜索区间的划分提供依据。所提控制策略无需机理建模就可自适应地获取准临界起动电流,完成吸反力良好配合的自起动过程,对电压波动、本体参数变化不敏感。

4 结 论

本文提出一种准临界电流搜索自起动控制策略,通过仿真和实验结果可得出以下结论:

1)分析线圈电流强迫下跌的变化规律,得出区分电流闭环调节与强迫下跌的约束条件,间接建立反映触头运动状态的通用反馈信号;

2)设计双极性数字电流闭环,基于触头状态反馈信号,进行高动态响应的电流搜索,不断逼近当前工况下的起动临界电流,实现吸反力良好配合的自起动过程控制;

3)建立模糊观测模型,无需机理建模,以静态电阻、电感为输入量,为参数未知的接触器提供自起动预判电流初值;

4)控制策略能够自适应获取准临界起动电流,抑制触头弹跳,同时具有卡涩故障警报、线圈过流保护等优点。

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