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直线振荡电机谐振频率跟踪控制技术研究

2019-07-22余海涛张涛

电机与控制学报 2019年6期

余海涛 张涛

关键词:直线压缩机;振荡电机;谐振频率跟踪;二阶广义积分;坐标变换

DOI:10.15938/j.emc.2019.06.000

中图分类号文献标志码:A 文章编号:1007 -449X(2019)06 -0000 -00

Abstract:Linear compressor driven by linear oscillatory actuator is more efficient and easier to control than traditional rotary motor.In order to improve the efficiency of linear compressor,a new method based on second order general integral resonant frequency tracking control (SOGIRFTC) is proposed. The steadystate displacement signal x and current signal i are sensed under the control of stroke stability. Based on theory that phase shift between actuator displacement and current is 90°when drive frequency equals to mechanical resonant frequency, the AC signal is transformed into DC signal by frequency locked loop and coordinate transformation. Then PI controller is used to achieve zero steadystate error. Besides, the second order general integral controller is adopted to filter out the sampling noise and high frequency interference of the input signal, which improves the stability of the controller. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed resonant frequency tracking control can quickly track the inherent mechanical frequency of the Actuator and improve the efficiency of the system.

Keywords:linear compressor; linear oscillatory actuator; resonant frequency tracking; second order general integral;coordinate transformations

0 引 言

冰箱用压缩机分为旋转电机驱动的传统压缩机和采用直线电机驱动的直线压缩机。传统压缩机采用旋转电机驱动,利用曲柄联杆将旋转电机的旋转运动转换为往复直线运动,由于采用曲柄等机械转换环节,增加摩擦损耗,增大噪声[1]。同时由于机械结构的限制,最大转速得不到提高,性能提升空间小。采用直线电机直接驱动的直线压缩机,取消了传统压缩机的曲柄连杆机构,通过直线电机,以电磁共振的方式进行驱动,结构简单,体积减小,没有机械零件之间相互运动,大大减小摩擦损耗,降低噪声[2]。由于直线电机只有轴向推力,没有径向压力,在工作时只需少量的润滑油或者不用潤滑油。压缩机的活塞与直线振荡电机的动子直接相连,从而可以根据需要调节活塞行程和余隙,控制方式灵活[3]。

压缩机用直线电机主要的控制目标是在安全可靠性的前提下使压缩机高效运行。通过控制直线振荡电机的行程,保证其可靠运行。直线压缩机是直线电机与机械弹簧组成共振系统,其负载为气体工质。当电机驱动频率等于压缩机的机械谐振频率时,系统效率达到最大[4]。随着气体工质、排气量的变化,等效机械频率发生变化,通过不断改变电机的驱动频率,使其追随机械频率,实现压缩机系统高效运行。

在最初电机设计时,将振荡系统的固有机械谐振频率设计为50 Hz或60 Hz,采用固有频率控制,该方法控制简单,成本低,但当负载变化时,不能有效跟踪谐振频率,降低效率[5]。……

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