牛顿环实验读数误差分析及改进方法研究
2019-06-17韩湖斌
韩湖斌



摘 要:从牛顿环实验原理出发,并根据读数显微镜的使用特点,系统地分析了读数测量误差的产生及代入曲率半径公式所造成的误差大小,分析原因及影响,并对其进行数学公式的推导确定其误差的大小,并由误差的组成来提出一种减小误差的方法,并对其进行实验探究。从实验中总结发现测量误差是主要因素, 从而提出牛顿环实验读数误差的改进方法,来提高实验精度,并得出结论n值取过大时虽然可以降低实验误差,但实验操作难度也随之上升,故将n取10,既可以降低实验误差,同时实验操作难度也不大。
关键词:牛顿环 曲率半径 实验精度
中图分类号:O4-34 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1672-3791(2019)03(a)-0227-03
Abstract: Based on the experimental principle of Newton's ring, and based on the characteristics of the reading microscope, the error of the reading measurement error and the error caused by the formula of the radius of curvature are analyzed systematically. The cause and influence are analyzed, and the mathematical formula is deduced to determine its The size of the error, and a method of reducing the error by the composition of the error, and experimental research. It is concluded from the experiment that the measurement error is the main factor, and the improved method of reading the error of Newton's ring experiment is proposed to improve the experimental precision. It is concluded that although the value of n is too large, the experimental error can be reduced, but the experimental operation is also difficult. Rising, so taking n to 10, can reduce the experimental error, and the experimental operation is not difficult.
Key Words: Newton's ring; Radius of curvature; Experimental precision
用牛顿环测量透镜曲率半径实验,是大学物理必学的实验之一,也是验证光的波动性的重要实验。因此,在目前光学实验中仍然占据重要的位置。但是多年来,实验误差较大的缺陷,影响了它的教学效果。这一问题,在使用读数显微镜读数方面所产生的误差是主要之一,学生在使用读数显微镜读数时,由于肉眼的观察读数时都会有误差的存在,进而影响了实验精度。如果在做实验前把产生误差的主要原因进行分析讲解,并寻找改进的方法,效果将会大大提高,该文就这些方面进行了分析讨论。
1 牛顿环实验理论原理
牛顿环实验装置结构如图1所示,在一块水平的玻璃片B上放一曲率半径R很大的平凸透镜A,上下2块玻璃用3个固定螺丝连接,用来调节A和B的相对位置,以改变牛顿环的形状和位置。……
