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高寒地区钙果引种栽培试验

2019-06-07李晔男刘彬昕关欣王玉红高方

森林工程 2019年2期

李晔男 刘彬昕 关欣 王玉红 高方

摘要:为筛选出适于我国高寒地区栽培的欧李优良品种,对其生态适应能力进行初步研究,为欧李的进一步开发利用提供依据。以引入的4个钙果品种为研究对象,观测其引种表现,就其相关生长特性、越冬情况、物候期、果实性状以及抗性等方面特性进行初步比较研究,并分析其生态适应能力。结果表明:4个品种中钙果5号的成活率较高,果实成熟早、果大且树势强健,对病虫害的抗性较强,单株挂果率较多,各项经济指标均表现最好;其次为钙果4号和钙果6号。综上所述,钙果5号在高寒地区引种性状表现优良,适宜在高寒地区推广发展种植,而钙果4号和钙果6号可按照一定的比例作为授粉树来种植。

关键词:钙果;高寒地区;引种

中图分类号:S662.5文献标识码:A文章编号:1006-8023(2019)02-0027-05

Introduction Experiment ofCerasus humilisin Alpine-cold Area

LI Yenan, LIU Binxin, GUAN Xin, WANG Yuhong, GAO Fang

(Dailing Forestry Science Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Yichun 153106)

Abstract:In order to select fineCerasus humiliscultivars suitable for alpine-cold area in China, ecological adaptability ofC. humiliswere primarily studied to provide references for its further development and application. Taking four cultivars ofC. humilisintroduced as materials, the introduced performance was observed, growth characteristics, hibernation condition, phenological periods, fruiting characteristics and resistance had been preliminary researched, and ecological adaptability was analyzed. The results showed that the economic indexes ofC.humilisNo.5 showed better in the four varieties. The difference was obvious.C. humilisNo.5 had the higher survival rate, the earlier fruit mature, the strongest tree vigor and the bigger fruit, and had the fewer diseases and insect pests, and the more fruit yield per plant.C.humilisNo. 4 andC.humilis6took the second place. In summary,C.humilisNo.5 showed more excellent advantages in alpine-cold area, which should be greatly developed in alpine-cold area, as a kind of tree species with cold-resistance.C.humilisNo.4 andC.humilisNo.6 could be planted in certain proportions as pollinizers.

Keywords: Cerasus humilis ; alpine-cold area; introduction

收稿日期:2018-11-06

基金項目:黑龙江省森工总局2016年青年科技人才培养项目(ZNKT2016-3)

第一作者简介:李晔男,学士,高级工程师。研究方向:林木育种。E-mail:565185582@qq.com

*通信作者:刘彬昕,硕士,工程师。研究方向:森林经营,E-mail:190096031@qq.com

引文格式:李晔男,刘彬昕,关欣,等.高寒地区钙果引种栽培试验[J].森林工程,2019,35(2):27-31.

0引言

钙果( cerasus humilis )又名欧李,为蔷薇科( Rosaceae )樱桃亚属 [1]( Cerasus )多年生落叶矮生灌木,是从我国特有世界最矮的野生果树欧李中选育出的一种新型果树 [2-3],平均株高在0.5~1.0 m之间。其果实中含有多种氨基酸、糖类以及维生素等丰富的营养物质,且钙质含量极高,是苹果的7~10倍,有“钙果之王”的美誉。钙果果实色泽艳丽,酸甜可口,且叶色浓郁,花团锦簇,同时根、茎果实均可入药 [4],是集食用、药用、观赏为一体的生态树种。……

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