李泉 李梦 鲁科技

摘要：农村土地“三权分置”改革是新时代农地制度顶层设计的重大创新，所有权、承包权、经营权分置并行满足农民既保留土地承包权又能流转土地经营权的意愿，对于促进土地要素利用效率提升和助力乡村振兴战略具有重大意义。如何使农村土地经营权流转更加适应让市场在资源配置中起决定性作用的要求，是现代化经济体系构建和中国特色社会主义制度创新亟待解决的重要热点问题。基于“三权分置”视角，将土地信托作为放活土地经营权的有效途径，研究比较不同地区农村土地信托的典型模式，并借鉴美、日发达国家土地信托的制度设计，特别是在制度保障、政府职能、金融支持及风险防范等四个方面提出相应的政策措施，对于进一步完善我国农村土地信托制度至关重要。

关键词：三权分置;土地经营权流转;土地信托模式;比较研究

中图分类号：F301文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2019）01-0161-07

Comparative Study of Rural Land Trust Models in

Perspective of “Separation of Three Rights”

Li Quan， Li Meng， Lu Keji

（School of Economics， Lanzhou University， Lanzhou 730000， China）

Abstract The reform of “Separation of Three Rights” in rural land is a major innovation in the top-level design of farmland system in the new era. Parallel division of ownership， contracting rights and management rights satisfies the farmers willingness to retain land contracting rights and transfer land management rights. It is of great significance to promote the improvement of use efficiency land factors and assist the rural revitalization strategy. How to make the circulation of rural land management rights more suitable for the require of market playing a decisive role in the resources allocation is an important hot issue to be solved urgently in the construction of modern economic system and the innovation of socialist system with Chinese characteristics. Based on the perspective of “Separation of Three Rights”， taking land trust as an effective way to release land management rights， studying and comparing typical models of rural land trust in different regions， and drawing lessons from the system design of land trust in the United States and Japan， especially putting forward corresponding policy measures in four aspects， such as system guarantee， government function， financial support and risk prevention， are of vital importance to further improving rural land trust system in China.

Keywords Separation of Three Rights; Transfer of land management rights; Land trust model; Comparative study

土地是经济发展最基础的生产要素，土地制度是城乡经济制度构架体系的基础性制度，土地制度创新是解决“农业、农村、农民”问题和促进乡村振兴的核心。随着我国乡村振兴战略的加快实施和城乡融合发展步伐不断加快，农村土地经营权流转规模显著增加，促使农业生产实现适度规模经营成为必然。国内外实践证明，农村土地流转和农业适度规模经营能够有效提高劳动生产率和实现资源的优化配置，是发展现代农业和实现农村现代化的必由之路。……