德吉措姆 赵江涛 成海建 高英波 刘栋 孙志民 钟波 姜富贵 张清峰 宋恩亮

摘要：本試验旨在通过对西藏日喀则地区不同品种全株玉米青贮的营养价值评定，为西藏地区青贮玉米品种的选择提供参考。试验选取5个常见的玉米品种（鲁单258、鲁单267、中玉335、荣玉1609、荣玉1610）种植于西藏，蜡熟期收割制作裹包青贮，发酵120天后评定其营养成分、能量价值和发酵品质。结果表明：不同品种玉米青贮的营养成分含量和能量价值存在显著差异，荣玉1610的粗蛋白和总可消化养分含量最高，荣玉1609的淀粉含量和泌乳净能最高;在发酵品质方面，荣玉1609青贮的pH值最低，而乳酸含量、发酵系数和费氏评分显著高于其他品种玉米青贮。通过隶属函数分析，5个品种全株玉米青贮的综合营养价值由高到低分别为：荣玉1609>荣玉1610>鲁单267>中玉335>鲁单258。综上所述，荣玉1609的全株玉米青贮品质最优，其次为荣玉1610，但日喀则地区青贮玉米品种的选择，需要进一步结合其生物产量进行综合评定。

关键词：全株玉米青贮;品种;营养价值;发酵品质

中图分类号：S513.093文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2019）01-0142-05

Evaluation on Nutritional Values of

Different Corn Varieties Whole Silage in Xigaze

Dejicuomu Zhao Jiangtao1* ， Cheng Haijian2，3 ， Gao Yingbo 4， Liu Dong 5，

Sun Zhimin 6， Zhong Bo 6， Jiang Fugui2，3 ， Zhang Qingfeng2，3 ， Song Enliang ，3

（1. Xigaze Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences， Xigaze 857000， China;

2. Institute of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine， Shandong Academy of Agricultural

Sciences/Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding， Jinan 250100， China;

3. Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Center of Animal Healthy Breeding， Jinan 250100， China;

4. Maize Research Institute， Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Jinan 250100， China;

5. Shandong Provincial General Station of Animal Husbandry， Jinan 250022， China;

6. Shandong Agricultural Machinery Research Institute， Jinan 250100， China）

Abstract This study evaluated the nutritional values of different corn varieties whole silage in Tibet， and was aimed at providing references for the selection of silage corn varieties. Five common corn varieties （Ludan 258， Ludan 267， Zhongyu 335， Rongyu 1609 and Rongyu 1610 ） were selected to plant in Tibet. Bale silage was made at the dough stage and their nutritive values， energy prediction and fermentation quality were evaluated after 120 days for fermentation. The results indicated that the nutritional ingredient contents and energy values had significant differences among different corn varieties. Rongyu 1610 had the greatest contents of crude protein and total digestible nutrients. Rongyu 1609 had the highest starch content and net energy for lactating cow. For the fermentation quality， Rongyu 1609 had the lowest pH value， but its lactic acid content， fermentation coefficient and fleig scores were significantly higher than the others. By further analyzing the membership function， the values of comprehensive nutrition ranged from high to low was Rongyu 1609， Rongyu 1610， Ludan 267， Zhongyu 335 and Ludan 258. In conclusion， the corn silage of Rongyu 1609 was the best in quality， followed by Rongyu 1610. Moreover， the selection of silage corn varieties in Xigaze area needed to be combined with the biomass yield for comprehensive evaluation.

Keywords Whole corn silage; Varieties; Nutritive value; Fermentation quality

西藏地处青藏高原腹地，平均海拔4 000 m以上，属大陆性气候，空气稀薄，日照充足，气温较低，降水较少。西藏作为我国的四大牧区之一，尽管有着丰富的植物资源，牧草和草坪草种类繁多[1]，但季节和地区草畜失衡比较严重，加剧了畜牧业生产的不稳定性[2]。因此，开发一种优质高产的牧草饲料资源是解决西藏草畜矛盾、促进畜牧业快速稳定健康发展和农牧民增收的最佳途径。